## Let's Encrypt

Antes de Let's Encrypt, esses certificados HTTPS eram vendidos por terceiros confiáveis.

O processo de aquisição de um desses certificados costumava ser complicado, exigia bastante papelada e os certificados eram bastante caros.

Mas então <a href="https://letsencrypt.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Let's Encrypt</a> foi criado.

## Testing: extended example

Now let's extend this example and add more details to see how to test different parts.

### Extended **FastAPI** app file

Let's continue with the same file structure as before:

```
.
├── app
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── main.py
│   └── test_main.py
```

    ```Python hl_lines="10"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001.py!}
    ```

But that is still not that useful.

Let's make it give us the current user.

## Create a user model

First, let's create a Pydantic user model.

The same way we use Pydantic to declare bodies, we can use it anywhere else:

=== "Python 3.10+"

    ```Python hl_lines="5  12-16"

Several of these are explored in the next chapters of the tutorial.

## Order matters

When creating *path operations*, you can find situations where you have a fixed path.

Like `/users/me`, let's say that it's to get data about the current user.

And then you can also have a path `/users/{user_id}` to get data about a specific user by some user ID.

The main idea is exactly the same you saw in that previous chapter.

## Add tests for the SQL app

Let's update the example from [SQL (Relational) Databases](../tutorial/sql-databases.md){.internal-link target=_blank} to use a testing database.

All the app code is the same, you can go back to that chapter check how it was.

* Traefik-Integration, einschließlich automatischer Generierung von Let's Encrypt-**HTTPS**-Zertifikaten.
* GitLab **CI** (kontinuierliche Integration), einschließlich Frontend- und Backend-Testen.

## Full Stack FastAPI Couchbase

* Intégration Traefik, comprenant la génération automatique de certificat **HTTPS** Let's Encrypt.
* GitLab **CI** (intégration continue), comprenant des tests pour le frontend et le backend.

## Full Stack FastAPI Couchbase

<a href="https://traefik.io/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Traefik</a> est un reverse proxy/load balancer
haute performance. Il peut faire office de "Proxy de terminaison TLS" (entre autres fonctionnalités).

Il est intégré à Let's Encrypt. Ainsi, il peut gérer toutes les parties HTTPS, y compris l'acquisition et le renouvellement des certificats.

```

</div>

That would work for most of the cases. 😎

You could use that command for example to start your **FastAPI** app in a container, in a server, etc.

## ASGI Servers

Let's go a little deeper into the details.

FastAPI uses a standard for building Python web frameworks and servers called <abbr title="Asynchronous Server Gateway Interface">ASGI</abbr>. FastAPI is an ASGI web framework.

    pass


@app.post("/invoices/", callbacks=invoices_callback_router.routes)
def create_invoice(invoice: Invoice, callback_url: Union[HttpUrl, None] = None):
    """
    Create an invoice.

    This will (let's imagine) let the API user (some external developer) create an
    invoice.

    And this path operation will:

    * Send the invoice to the client.
    * Collect the money from the client.