# 파이썬 타입 소개

파이썬은 선택적으로 "타입 힌트(type hints)"를 지원합니다.

이러한 **타입 힌트**들은 변수의 <abbr title="예를 들면: str, int, float, bool">타입</abbr>을 선언할 수 있게 해주는 특수한 구문입니다.

변수의 타입을 지정하면 에디터와 툴이 더 많은 도움을 줄 수 있게 됩니다.

이 문서는 파이썬 타입 힌트에 대한 **빠른 자습서 / 내용환기** 수준의 문서입니다. 여기서는 **FastAPI**를 쓰기 위한 최소한의 내용만을 다룹니다.

**FastAPI**는 타입 힌트에 기반을 두고 있으며, 이는 많은 장점과 이익이 있습니다.

비록 **FastAPI**를 쓰지 않는다고 하더라도, 조금이라도 알아두면 도움이 될 것입니다.

!!! note "참고"

 *  Upgrade: [Kotlin 1.8.21][kotlin_1_8_21].


## Version 4.11.0

_2023-04-22_

 *  Fix: Don't fail the call when the response code is ‘HTTP 102 Processing’ or
    ‘HTTP 103 Early Hints’.
 *  Fix: Read the response even if writing the request fails. This means you'll get a proper HTTP
    response even if the server rejects your request body.

 *
 * @param <K> the type of keys used by the maps under test
 * @param <V> the type of mapped values used the maps under test
 * @author George van den Driessche
 */
// TODO: Descriptive assertion messages, with hints as to probable fixes.
// TODO: Add another constructor parameter indicating whether the class under test is ordered, and
// check the order if so.
// TODO: Refactor to share code with SetTestBuilder etc.
@GwtCompatible

**Kaynak Kod**: <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi" target="_blank">https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi</a>

---

FastAPI, Python 'nin standart <abbr title="Tip Belirteçleri: Type Hints">tip belirteçleri</abbr>ne dayalı, modern ve hızlı (yüksek performanslı) API'lar oluşturmak için kullanılabilecek web framework'tür.

Temel özellikleri şunlardır:

# Einführung in Python-Typen

Python hat Unterstützung für optionale „Typhinweise“ (Englisch: „Type Hints“). Auch „Typ Annotationen“ genannt.

Diese **„Typhinweise“** oder -Annotationen sind eine spezielle Syntax, die es erlaubt, den <abbr title="Zum Beispiel: str, int, float, bool">Typ</abbr> einer Variablen zu deklarieren.

Durch das Deklarieren von Typen für Ihre Variablen können Editoren und Tools bessere Unterstützung bieten.

---

FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs with Python based on standard Python type hints.

The key features are:

* **Fast**: Very high performance, on par with **NodeJS** and **Go** (thanks to Starlette and Pydantic). [One of the fastest Python frameworks available](#performance).

Ancak bir noktada, geçmişteki diğer araçlardan en iyi fikirleri alarak bütün bu çözümleri kapsayan, ayrıca bütün bunları Python'ın daha önce mevcut olmayan özelliklerini (Python 3.6+ ile gelen <abbr title="Tip belirteçleri: Type Hints">tip belirteçleri</abbr>) kullanarak yapan bir şey üretmekten başka seçenek kalmamıştı.

## Daha Önce Geliştirilen Araçlar

### <a href="https://www.djangoproject.com/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Django</a>

---

FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs with Python based on standard Python type hints.

The key features are:

* **Fast**: Very high performance, on par with **NodeJS** and **Go** (thanks to Starlette and Pydantic). [One of the fastest Python frameworks available](#performance).

## `Annotated` как тип для query-параметра `q`

Помните, как ранее я говорил об Annotated? Он может быть использован для добавления метаданных для ваших параметров в разделе [Введение в аннотации типов Python](../python-types.md#type-hints-with-metadata-annotations){.internal-link target=_blank}?

Пришло время использовать их в FastAPI. 🚀

У нас была аннотация следующего типа:

=== "Python 3.10+"

    ```Python
    q: str | None = None

		return errXLBackend
	}

	return nil
}

// A single function to write certain errors to be fatal
// or informative based on the `exit` flag, please look
// at each implementation of error for added hints.
//
// FIXME: This is an unusual function but serves its purpose for
// now, need to revisit the overall erroring structure here.
// Do not like it :-(
func logFatalErrs(err error, endpoint Endpoint, exit bool) {