import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.BeforeEachCallback
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtensionContext

/**
 * Apply this rule to all tests. It adds additional checks for leaked resources and uncaught
 * exceptions.
 *
 * Use [newClient] as a factory for a OkHttpClient instances. These instances are specifically
 * configured for testing.
 */
class OkHttpClientTestRule :
  BeforeEachCallback,

 *
 * <p>{@link #setDefault} allows subclasses to specify default values for types.
 *
 * <p>This class incurs IO because it scans the classpath and reads classpath resources.
 *
 * @author Ben Yu
 * @since 14.0
 */
// TODO: Switch to JUnit 4 and use @Parameterized and @BeforeClass
// Note: @Test annotations are deliberate, as some subclasses specify @RunWith(JUnit4).

// Every 10 seconds a space character is sent.
// keepHTTPReqResponseAlive will wait for the returned body to be read before starting the ticker.
// The returned function should always be called to release resources.
// An optional error can be sent which will be picked as text only error,
// without its original type by the receiver.
// waitForHTTPResponse should be used to the receiving side.

## その他のミドルウェア

他のミドルウェアの詳細については、[高度なユーザーガイド: 高度なミドルウェア](../advanced/middleware.md){.internal-link target=_blank}を参照してください。

        // ## Act & Assert ##
        assertNotNull(Curl.get("https://secure.example.com/path?param=value"));
        assertNotNull(Curl.post("http://api.example.com/v1/resource"));
        assertNotNull(Curl.put("ftp://files.example.com/upload"));
        assertNotNull(Curl.delete("http://localhost:8080/delete"));
        assertNotNull(Curl.head("https://cdn.example.com/assets/file.js"));

实际上，所有（或大多数）网络框架的工作方式都是这样的。

开发人员永远都不需要直接调用这些函数，这些函数是由框架（在此为 **FastAPI** ）调用的。

通过依赖注入系统，只要告诉 **FastAPI** *路径操作函数* 还要「依赖」其他在*路径操作函数*之前执行的内容，**FastAPI** 就会执行函数代码，并「注入」函数返回的结果。

其他与「依赖注入」概念相同的术语为：

* 资源（Resource）
* 提供方（Provider）
* 服务（Service）
* 可注入（Injectable）
* 组件（Component）

## **FastAPI** 插件

**依赖注入**系统支持构建集成和「插件」。但实际上，FastAPI 根本**不需要创建「插件」**，因为使用依赖项可以声明不限数量的、可用于*路径操作函数*的集成与交互。

  val sslDebug: Boolean by option("--sslDebug").help("Output SSL Debug").flag()

  val url: String? by argument(name = "url").help("Remote resource URL")

  var client: Call.Factory? = null

  override fun run() {
    LoggingUtil.configureLogging(debug = verbose, showHttp2Frames = showHttp2Frames, sslDebug = sslDebug)

    commonRun()
  }

 * This class extends {@link BasePooledObjectFactory} and provides
 * methods for creating, wrapping, and destroying crawler components
 * obtained from a {@link CrawlerContainer}.
 *
 * <p>This implementation provides proper resource management for closeable objects
 * and supports destruction listeners.</p>
 *
 * @param <T> the type of the pooled object
 */
public class CrawlerPooledObjectFactory<T> extends BasePooledObjectFactory<T> {

    }

    /**
     * Opens a URL and returns an {@link InputStream}.
     *
     * @param url
     *            The URL. Must not be {@literal null}.
     * @return An {@link InputStream} to read the resource represented by the URL.
     */
    public static InputStream openStream(final URL url) {
        assertArgumentNotNull("url", url);

        try {
            final URLConnection connection = url.openConnection();

  }

  private static boolean isWindows() {
    return OS_NAME.value().startsWith("Windows");
  }

  /**
   * Test that verifies the resource leak fix for <a
   * href="https://github.com/google/guava/issues/5756">Issue #5756</a>.
   *
   * <p>This test covers a scenario where we write a smaller amount of data first, then write a