/**
     * Test constructor with raw bytes.
     */
    @Test
    void testAvFlagsByteArrayConstructor() {
        // Test with a positive integer
        byte[] rawBytes = new byte[] { 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04 }; // Represents 0x04030201 (little-endian)
        AvFlags avFlags = new AvFlags(rawBytes);
        assertNotNull(avFlags, "AvFlags object should not be null");

        byte[] dst = new byte[2];
        int bytesWritten = smbComDelete.writeParameterWordsWireFormat(dst, 0);
        assertEquals(2, bytesWritten);
        // ATTR_HIDDEN (0x02) | ATTR_SYSTEM (0x04) = 0x06
        assertEquals(0x06, dst[0]);
        assertEquals(0x00, dst[1]);
    }

    @Test
    public void testWriteBytesWireFormat() {
        // Test the writing of bytes to a byte array

                + (this.isAuthAnswer ? 0x04 : 0x00) + (this.isTruncated ? 0x02 : 0x00) + (this.isRecurDesired ? 0x01 : 0x00));
        dst[dstIndex + OPCODE_OFFSET + 1] =
                (byte) ((this.isRecurAvailable ? 0x80 : 0x00) + (this.isBroadcast ? 0x10 : 0x00) + (this.resultCode & 0x0F));
        writeInt2(this.questionCount, dst, start + QUESTION_OFFSET);

                + (isTruncated ? 0x02 : 0x00) + (isRecurDesired ? 0x01 : 0x00));
        dst[dstIndex + OPCODE_OFFSET + 1] = (byte) ((isRecurAvailable ? 0x80 : 0x00) + (isBroadcast ? 0x10 : 0x00) + (resultCode & 0x0F));
        writeInt2(questionCount, dst, start + QUESTION_OFFSET);
        writeInt2(answerCount, dst, start + ANSWER_OFFSET);

    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("parsing malformed token throws IOException")
    void testMalformedToken() {
        byte[] bad = new byte[] { 0x01, 0x02, 0x03 }; // not a valid ASN.1 tagged object
        assertThrows(IOException.class, () -> new NegTokenTarg(bad), "Malformed byte[] should cause IOException");
    }

    @Test

    /**
     * LSA query information policy message.
     */
    public static class LsarQueryInformationPolicy extends DcerpcMessage {

        @Override
        public int getOpnum() {
            return 0x07;
        }

        /** Return value from the RPC call. */
        public int retval;
        /** Policy handle for the query. */
        public rpc.policy_handle handle;

    protected int writeBytesWireFormat(final byte[] dst, final int dstIndex) {
        final ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();

        for (final String dialect : this.dialects) {
            bos.write(0x02);
            try {
                bos.write(Strings.getASCIIBytes(dialect));
            } catch (final IOException e) {
                throw new RuntimeCIFSException(e);
            }
            bos.write(0x0);

     */
    @Test
    void testConstructor_TruncateOnly() {
        int flags = SmbFile.O_TRUNC;
        smbComOpenAndX = new SmbComOpenAndX(fileName, access, flags, andx);
        assertEquals(0x02, smbComOpenAndX.openFunction); // OPEN_FN_TRUNC
    }

    /**
     * Test getBatchLimit with SMB_COM_READ_ANDX command.
     */
    @Test
    void testGetBatchLimit_ReadAndX() {

    void getters_throw_whenInvalid() {
        when(cfg.isTraceResourceUsage()).thenReturn(false);
        stubValidTree(1L, true, true);
        SmbFileHandleImpl h = new SmbFileHandleImpl(cfg, new byte[] { 0x01, 0x02 }, tree, "//x", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0L);
        // invalidate
        h.markClosed();

        SmbException ex1 = assertThrows(SmbException.class, h::getFid);

        final int len = str.length();
        int ch, size = 0;
        byte[] dst;

        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
            ch = str.charAt(i);
            size += ch > 0x07F ? ch > 0x7FF ? 3 : 2 : 1;
        }
        dst = new byte[size];
        writeShort(size);
        try {
            Encdec.enc_utf8(str, dst, 0, size);
        } catch (final IOException ioe) {