这里使用的也是之前创建的 OAuth2 方案，并把它声明为依赖项：`oauth2_scheme`。

该依赖项函数本身不需要作用域，因此，可以使用 `Depends` 和 `oauth2_scheme`。不需要指定安全作用域时，不必使用 `Security`。

此处还声明了从 `fastapi.security` 导入的 `SecurityScopes` 类型的特殊参数。

`SecuriScopes` 类与 `Request` 类似（`Request` 用于直接提取请求对象）。

{* ../../docs_src/security/tutorial005.py hl[8,105] *}

## 使用 `scopes`

参数 `security_scopes` 的类型是 `SecurityScopes`。

它的属性 `scopes`  是作用域列表，所有依赖项都把它作为子依赖项。也就是说所有**依赖**……这听起来有些绕，后文会有解释。

sequenceDiagram
    participant Client
    participant Proxy as Proxy/Load Balancer
    participant Server as FastAPI Server

    Client->>Proxy: HTTPS Request<br/>Host: mysuperapp.com<br/>Path: /items

    Note over Proxy: Proxy adds forwarded headers

    Proxy->>Server: HTTP Request<br/>X-Forwarded-For: [client IP]<br/>X-Forwarded-Proto: https<br/>X-Forwarded-Host: mysuperapp.com<br/>Path: /items

    "foo",
    "bar"
  ]
}
```

/// tip

To declare a query parameter with a type of `list`, like in the example above, you need to explicitly use `Query`, otherwise it would be interpreted as a request body.

///

The interactive API docs will update accordingly, to allow multiple values:

<img src="/img/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/image02.png">

    values[i] = p;
    lengths[i] = s.size();
    if ((p + s.size()) > (static_cast<char*>(storage) + storage_size)) {
      status->status = InvalidArgument(
          "Not enough storage to hold the requested list of strings");
      return;
    }
    memcpy(values[i], s.data(), s.size());
    p += s.size();
  }
}

#define DEFINE_GETATTR(func, c_type, cpp_type, list_field)                   \

-   [A nice collection](https://www.tfnico.com/presentations/google-guava) of
    other helpful links

## Links

-   [GitHub project](https://github.com/google/guava)
-   [Issue tracker: Report a defect or feature request](https://github.com/google/guava/issues/new)
-   [StackOverflow: Ask "how-to" and "why-didn't-it-work" questions](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/ask?tags=guava+java)

它被直接导入/包含到FastAPI以便你可以从 `fastapi` 导入，并避免意外从 `starlette.background` 导入备用的 `BackgroundTask` (后面没有 `s`)。

通过仅使用 `BackgroundTasks` (而不是 `BackgroundTask`)，使得能将它作为 *路径操作函数* 的参数 ，并让**FastAPI**为您处理其余部分, 就像直接使用 `Request` 对象。

在FastAPI中仍然可以单独使用 `BackgroundTask`，但您必须在代码中创建对象，并返回包含它的Starlette `Response`。

        doThrow(new SmbException("query failed")).when(transport).isSMB2();
        assertThrows(SmbException.class, () -> transport.isSMB2());
        verify(transport, times(3)).isSMB2();
    }

    // Inflight requests count including edge values
    @ParameterizedTest
    @DisplayName("getInflightRequests returns various counts")
    @ValueSource(ints = { 0, 1, 42, 1000 })
    void getInflightRequests_counts(int count) {

        override fun writeTo(sink: BufferedSink) {
          sink.writeUtf8("Hello request!")
          sink.close()
        }

        override fun isDuplex(): Boolean = true
      }
    val request =
      request()
        .post(asyncRequestBody)
        .build()
    val response = client.newCall(request).execute()
    Assumptions.assumeTrue(response.protocol == Protocol.HTTP_2)

func isVeeamSOSAPIObject(object string) bool {
	switch object {
	case systemXMLObject, capacityXMLObject:
		return true
	default:
		return false
	}
}

// isVeeamClient - returns true if the request is from Veeam client.
func isVeeamClient(ctx context.Context) bool {
	ri := logger.GetReqInfo(ctx)
	return ri != nil && strings.Contains(ri.UserAgent, veeamAgentSubstr)
}

        try (InputStream in = file.getInputStream()) {
            byte[] buffer = new byte[10];
            int bytesRead = in.read(buffer);
            assertEquals(10, bytesRead, "Should read requested bytes");
            assertEquals("0123456789", new String(buffer, 0, bytesRead, "UTF-8"));

            // Read next chunk
            bytesRead = in.read(buffer);