{!../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial001.py!}
```

/// tip

👀 👈 🔬 🔢 😐 `def`, 🚫 `async def`.

 & 🤙 👩‍💻 😐 🤙, 🚫 ⚙️ `await`.

👉 ✔ 👆 ⚙️ `pytest` 🔗 🍵 🤢.

///

/// note | "📡 ℹ"

👆 💪 ⚙️ `from starlette.testclient import TestClient`.

**FastAPI** 🚚 🎏 `starlette.testclient` `fastapi.testclient` 🏪 👆, 👩‍💻. ✋️ ⚫️ 👟 🔗 ⚪️➡️ 💃.

///

/// tip

 * so are not useful as collection keys.
 *
 * <p>jsr166e note: This class is targeted to be placed in java.util.concurrent.atomic.
 *
 * @since 1.8
 * @author Doug Lea
 */
@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault
final class LongAdder extends Striped64 implements Serializable, LongAddable {
  private static final long serialVersionUID = 7249069246863182397L;

 * so are not useful as collection keys.
 *
 * <p>jsr166e note: This class is targeted to be placed in java.util.concurrent.atomic.
 *
 * @since 1.8
 * @author Doug Lea
 */
@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault
final class LongAdder extends Striped64 implements Serializable, LongAddable {
  private static final long serialVersionUID = 7249069246863182397L;

* Si le paramètre est déclaré comme ayant pour type un **modèle Pydantic**, il sera interprété comme faisant partie du **corps** de la requête.

/// note

**FastAPI** saura que la valeur de `q` n'est pas requise grâce à la valeur par défaut `=None`.

 *    either peer may not have been transmitted to the other.
 *
 * Note that the state progression is independent for each peer. Arriving at a gracefully-closed
 * state indicates that a peer has sent all of its outgoing messages and received all of its
 * incoming messages. But it does not guarantee that the other peer will successfully receive all of
 * its incoming messages.
 */

## レスポンスモデルのエンコーディングパラメータ

レスポンスモデルにはデフォルト値を設定することができます:

```Python hl_lines="11 13 14"
{!../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial004.py!}
```

* `description: str = None`は`None`がデフォルト値です。
* `tax: float = 10.5`は`10.5`がデフォルト値です。
* `tags: List[str] = []` は空のリスト（`[]`）がデフォルト値です。

しかし、実際に保存されていない場合には結果からそれらを省略した方が良いかもしれません。

    return try {
      // Attempt to get the trust manager from an OpenJDK socket factory. We attempt this on all
      // platforms in order to support Robolectric, which mixes classes from both Android and the
      // Oracle JDK. Note that we don't support HTTP/2 or other nice features on Robolectric.
      val sslContextClass = Class.forName("sun.security.ssl.SSLContextImpl")

   * returning it. We can do this with a conditional GET.
   *
   * In a request, it means do not use a cache to satisfy the request.
   */
  @get:JvmName("noCache") val noCache: Boolean,
  /** If true, this response should not be cached. */
  @get:JvmName("noStore") val noStore: Boolean,
  /** The duration past the response's served date that it can be served without validation. */

     */
  }

  /**
   * Called before runInterruptibly - if true, runInterruptibly and afterRanInterruptibly will not
   * be called.
   */
  abstract boolean isDone();

  /**
   * Do interruptible work here - do not complete Futures here, as their listeners could be
   * interrupted.
   */
  @ParametricNullness
  abstract T runInterruptibly() throws Exception;

   * thrown by {@linkplain MoreExecutors#directExecutor direct execution}) will be caught and
   * logged.
   *
   * <p>Note: If your listener is lightweight -- and will not cause stack overflow by completing
   * more futures or adding more {@code directExecutor()} listeners inline -- consider {@link