# Using the Request Directly { #using-the-request-directly }

Up to now, you have been declaring the parts of the request that you need with their types.

Taking data from:

* The path as parameters.
* Headers.
* Cookies.
* etc.

And by doing so, **FastAPI** is validating that data, converting it and generating documentation for your API automatically.

But there are situations where you might need to access the `Request` object directly.

            "input": "plumbus"
        }
    ]
}
```

## 總結

你可以使用 **Pydantic 模型**在 **FastAPI** 中聲明**查詢參數**。😎

/// tip

劇透警告：你也可以使用 Pydantic 模型來聲明 cookie 和 headers，但你將在本教學的後面部分閱讀到這部分內容。🤫

    ],
)
def get_client(request: pytest.FixtureRequest):
    mod = importlib.import_module(f"docs_src.dataclasses_.{request.param}")

    client = TestClient(mod.app)
    client.headers.clear()
    return client


def test_post_authors_item(client: TestClient):
    response = client.post(
        "/authors/foo/items/",
        json=[{"name": "Bar"}, {"name": "Baz", "description": "Drop the Baz"}],

        if (n != HEADER_LENGTH) {
            if (n == -1) {
                return -1;
            }
            throw new IOException("unexpected EOF reading netbios session header");
        }
        return buffer[bufferIndex] & 0xFF;
    }

    int type, length;

    /**
     * Writes the packet to the specified byte array in wire format.
     *

Sie können jedoch direkt eine `JSONResponse` von Ihren *Pfadoperationen* zurückgeben.

Das kann beispielsweise nützlich sein, um benutzerdefinierte Header oder Cookies zurückzugeben.

## Eine `Response` zurückgeben { #return-a-response }

Tatsächlich können Sie jede `Response` oder jede Unterklasse davon zurückgeben.

/// tip | Tipp

/// note

This is supported since FastAPI version `0.115.0`. 🤓

///

/// tip

This same technique applies to `Query`, `Cookie`, and `Header`. 😎

///

## Cookies with a Pydantic Model { #cookies-with-a-pydantic-model }

Declare the **cookie** parameters that you need in a **Pydantic model**, and then declare the parameter as `Cookie`:

        final Map<String, List<String>> headerMap = headerList.stream()
                .collect(Collectors.groupingBy(Pair::getFirst, Collectors.mapping(Pair::getSecond, Collectors.toList())));
        sourceMap.put("headers", headerMap);
        sourceMap.put("documents", documentList);
        return sourceMap;
    }

    @Override

    * 然后它将返回由相应的*路径操作*生成的 `response`.
* 然后你可以在返回 `response` 前进一步修改它.

{* ../../docs_src/middleware/tutorial001.py hl[8:9,11,14] *}

/// tip

请记住可以 <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers" class="external-link" target="_blank">用'X-' 前缀</a>添加专有自定义请求头.

        });
    }

    @Test
    public void testValidSmbHeader() throws Exception {
        // SMB1 header
        validator.validateSmbHeader(0x424D53FF, 32, 0x72);

        // SMB2 header
        validator.validateSmbHeader(0x424D53FE, 64, 0x00);
    }

    @Test
    public void testInvalidProtocolId() throws Exception {

		"RS3256", "RS3384", "RS3512",
		"ES3256", "ES3384", "ES3512",
	}

	keyFuncCallback := func(jwtToken *jwtgo.Token) (any, error) {
		kid, ok := jwtToken.Header["kid"].(string)
		if !ok {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("Invalid kid value %v", jwtToken.Header["kid"])
		}
		pubkey := r.pubKeys.get(kid)
		if pubkey == nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("No public key found for kid %s", kid)
		}
		return pubkey, nil
	}