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/// tip

Pydantic 是 FastAPI 中所有数据验证和序列化的核心，当你在没有设默认值的情况下使用 `Optional` 或 `Union[Something, None]` 时，它具有特殊行为，你可以在 Pydantic 文档中阅读有关<a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/models/#required-optional-fields" class="external-link" target="_blank">必需可选字段</a>的更多信息。

///

## 查询参数列表 / 多个值

当你使用 `Query` 显式地定义查询参数时，你还可以声明它去接收一组值，或换句话来说，接收多个值。

例如，要声明一个可在 URL 中出现多次的查询参数 `q`，你可以这样写：

    ContainsBothWithMultisetFirst reMultisetFirst = reserialize(multisetFirst);
    assertThat(reMultisetFirst.a.isEmpty()).isFalse();
    // The following NPE is a side effect of our changes to avoid mutating `final` fields.
    assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> reMultisetFirst.z.multiset.isEmpty());

    ContainsBothWithContainsMultisetFirst reContainsMultisetFirst =
        reserialize(containsMultisetFirst);

                  }
                  /*
                   * Also look up an earlier node so that, if the graph is using MapRetrievalCache,
                   * we read one of the fields declared in that class.
                   */
                  Set<Integer> unused = graph.successors(first);
                  return null;
                }
              }));
    }

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