또한, 기본 값을 `None`으로 설정해 본문 매개변수를 선택사항으로 선언할 수 있습니다.

```Python hl_lines="19-21"
{!../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial001.py!}
```

/// note | "참고"

이 경우에는 본문으로 부터 가져온 `	item`은 기본값이 `None`이기 때문에, 선택사항이라는 점을 유의해야 합니다.

///

## 다중 본문 매개변수

이전 예제에서 보듯이, *경로 작동*은 아래와 같이 `Item` 속성을 가진 JSON 본문을 예상합니다:

```JSON
{
    "name": "Foo",

      new ImmutableClassToInstanceMap<>(ImmutableMap.<Class<?>, Object>of());

  /**
   * Returns an empty {@code ImmutableClassToInstanceMap}.
   *
   * <p><b>Performance note:</b> the instance returned is a singleton.
   *
   * @since 19.0
   */
  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  public static <B> ImmutableClassToInstanceMap<B> of() {
    return (ImmutableClassToInstanceMap<B>) EMPTY;
  }

			return true
		}
		x[t.Key] = struct{}{}
	}

	return false
}

// BySize returns true when sz satisfies a
// ObjectSizeLessThan/ObjectSizeGreaterthan or a logical AND of these predicates
// Note: And combines size and other predicates like Tags, Prefix, etc. This
// method applies exclusively to size predicates only.
func (a And) BySize(sz int64) bool {
	if a.ObjectSizeGreaterThan > 0 &&
		sz <= a.ObjectSizeGreaterThan {

 * all threads. Note, however, that it does not guarantee fairness.
 *
 * <p>Rate limiters are often used to restrict the rate at which some physical or logical resource
 * is accessed. This is in contrast to {@link java.util.concurrent.Semaphore} which restricts the
 * number of concurrent accesses instead of the rate (note though that concurrency and rate are

Es wird also kein großer `str` zurückgegeben, der die Daten im JSON-Format (als String) enthält. Es wird eine Python-Standarddatenstruktur (z. B. ein `dict`) zurückgegeben, mit Werten und Unterwerten, die alle mit JSON kompatibel sind.

/// note | "Hinweis"

`jsonable_encoder` wird tatsächlich von **FastAPI** intern verwendet, um Daten zu konvertieren. Aber es ist in vielen anderen Szenarien hilfreich.

, 👆 🔜 ✔️ ⚒ 💭 👆 💽 ☑ 🆎. 🤶 Ⓜ. ⚫️ 🔗 ⏮️ 🎻, 🚥 👆 🛬 `JSONResponse`.

 & 👈 👆 🚫 📨 🙆 📊 👈 🔜 ✔️ ⛽ `response_model`.

///

### 🌅 ℹ

/// note | "📡 ℹ"

👆 💪 ⚙️ `from starlette.responses import Response` ⚖️ `from starlette.responses import JSONResponse`.

**FastAPI** 🚚 🎏 `starlette.responses` `fastapi.responses` 🏪 👆, 👩‍💻. ✋️ 🌅 💪 📨 👟 🔗 ⚪️➡️ 💃.

/// tip

Бажано використовувати `Annotated` версію, якщо це можливо.

///

```Python hl_lines="9"
{!> ../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001.py!}
```

////

/// note | "Технічні Деталі"

`Cookie` це "сестра" класів `Path` і `Query`. Вони наслідуються від одного батьківського класу `Param`.

/// tip

Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.

///

```Python hl_lines="9"
{!> ../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001.py!}
```

////

/// note | "Technical Details"

`Cookie` is a "sister" class of `Path` and `Query`. It also inherits from the same common `Param` class.

   * {@inheritDoc}
   *
   * <p>By default, returns the supplied elements in their given order; however, generators for
   * containers with a known order other than insertion order must override this method.
   *
   * <p>Note: This default implementation is overkill (but valid) for an unordered container. An
   * equally valid implementation for an unordered container is to throw an exception. The chosen

   * {@inheritDoc}
   *
   * <p>By default, returns the supplied elements in their given order; however, generators for
   * containers with a known order other than insertion order must override this method.
   *
   * <p>Note: This default implementation is overkill (but valid) for an unordered container. An
   * equally valid implementation for an unordered container is to throw an exception. The chosen