final ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream(BUF_SIZE);
        CopyUtil.copy(is, os);
        return os.toByteArray();
    }

    /**
     * A method that wraps exception handling for {@link InputStream#available()}.
     *
     * @param is the input stream (must not be {@literal null})
     * @return the available size
     */
    public static int available(final InputStream is) {

import java.util.AbstractSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * A map-like data structure that wraps a backing map and caches values while iterating through
 * {@link #unmodifiableKeySet()}. By design, the cache is cleared when this structure is mutated. If

        // fid 0x1234, lastWriteTime 0 -> UTime all 0xFF
        return Stream.of(Arguments.of(0x1234, 0L, new byte[] { 0x34, 0x12, (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xFF }),
                // negative fid wraps around, lastWriteTime = 1000 -> 1 second -> int value 1
                Arguments.of(-1, 1000L, new byte[] { (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xFF, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }));
    }

    /**

package org.apache.maven.building;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.util.Objects;

/**
 * Wraps an ordinary {@link File} as a source.
 *
 * @deprecated since 4.0.0, use {@link org.apache.maven.api.services} instead
 */
@Deprecated(since = "4.0.0")
public class FileSource implements Source {

 * @since 8.0
 */
@J2ktIncompatible
@GwtIncompatible
public final class LittleEndianDataOutputStream extends FilterOutputStream implements DataOutput {

  /**
   * Creates a {@code LittleEndianDataOutputStream} that wraps the given stream.
   *
   * @param out the stream to delegate to
   */
  public LittleEndianDataOutputStream(OutputStream out) {
    super(new DataOutputStream(Preconditions.checkNotNull(out)));
  }

  @Override

///

## Multiple middleware execution order { #multiple-middleware-execution-order }

When you add multiple middlewares using either `@app.middleware()` decorator or `app.add_middleware()` method, each new middleware wraps the application, forming a stack. The last middleware added is the *outermost*, and the first is the *innermost*.

On the request path, the *outermost* middleware runs first.

On the response path, it runs last.

    this.delegate = checkNotNull(delegate);
  }

  @Override
  protected Map<Class<? extends @NonNull B>, B> delegate() {
    return delegate;
  }

  /**
   * Wraps the {@code setValue} implementation of an {@code Entry} to enforce the class constraint.
   */
  private static <B extends @Nullable Object> Entry<Class<? extends @NonNull B>, B> checkedEntry(

      into.putLong(from);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
      return "Funnels.longFunnel()";
    }
  }

  /**
   * Wraps a {@code PrimitiveSink} as an {@link OutputStream}, so it is easy to {@link Funnel#funnel
   * funnel} an object to a {@code PrimitiveSink} if there is already a way to write the contents of
   * the object to an {@code OutputStream}.

      into.putLong(from);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
      return "Funnels.longFunnel()";
    }
  }

  /**
   * Wraps a {@code PrimitiveSink} as an {@link OutputStream}, so it is easy to {@link Funnel#funnel
   * funnel} an object to a {@code PrimitiveSink} if there is already a way to write the contents of
   * the object to an {@code OutputStream}.

  }

  /**
   * Wraps an object so that {@link #equals(Object)} and {@link #hashCode()} delegate to an {@link
   * Equivalence}.
   *
   * <p>For example, given an {@link Equivalence} for {@link String strings} named {@code equiv}
   * that tests equivalence using their lengths:
   *
   * {@snippet :
   * equiv.wrap("a").equals(equiv.wrap("b")) // true
   * equiv.wrap("a").equals(equiv.wrap("hello")) // false
   * }
   *