// The char values \uFFFE and \uFFFF are explicitly not allowed in XML
    // (Unicode code points above \uFFFF are represented via surrogate pairs
    // which means they are treated as pairs of safe characters).
    builder.setSafeRange(Character.MIN_VALUE, '\uFFFD');
    // Unsafe characters are replaced with the Unicode replacement character.
    builder.setUnsafeReplacement("\uFFFD");

    /*

from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel, HttpUrl

app = FastAPI()


class Image(BaseModel):
    url: HttpUrl
    name: str


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    tax: Union[float, None] = None
    tags: set[str] = set()
    images: Union[list[Image], None] = None


class Offer(BaseModel):
    name: str

pkg testing, type InternalExample struct, Unordered bool
pkg unicode, const Version = "9.0.0"
pkg unicode, var Adlam *RangeTable
pkg unicode, var Bhaiksuki *RangeTable
pkg unicode, var Marchen *RangeTable
pkg unicode, var Newa *RangeTable
pkg unicode, var Osage *RangeTable
pkg unicode, var Prepended_Concatenation_Mark *RangeTable
pkg unicode, var Sentence_Terminal *RangeTable

        ),
    ] = None,
    discriminator: Annotated[
        Union[str, None],
        Doc(
            """
            Parameter field name for discriminating the type in a tagged union.
            """
        ),
    ] = None,
    strict: Annotated[
        Union[bool, None],
        Doc(
            """
            If `True`, strict validation is applied to the field.

            if( useUnicode ) {
                // should Unicode alignment be corrected for here?
                str = new String( src, srcIndex, len, UNI_ENCODING );
            } else {
    
                /* On NT without Unicode the fileNameLength
                 * includes the '\0' whereas on win98 it doesn't. I
                 * guess most clients only support non-unicode so
                 * they don't run into this.

        StringBuilder unicode = new StringBuilder(UNICODE_LEN);
        boolean hadSlash = false;
        boolean inUnicode = false;
        for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
            char ch = str.charAt(i);
            if (inUnicode) {
                // if in unicode, then we're reading unicode
                // values in somehow
                unicode.append(ch);

 * @since 1.0
 */
@GwtCompatible(emulated = true)
@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault
public final class Charsets {
  private Charsets() {}

  /**
   * US-ASCII: seven-bit ASCII, the Basic Latin block of the Unicode character set (ISO646-US).
   *
   * <p><b>Note:</b> this constant is now unnecessary and should be treated as deprecated; use
   * {@link StandardCharsets#US_ASCII} instead.
   *
   */
  @J2ktIncompatible

from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI, Path
from pydantic import BaseModel
from typing_extensions import Annotated

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    tax: Union[float, None] = None


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(
    item_id: Annotated[int, Path(title="The ID of the item to get", ge=0, le=1000)],

from typing import List, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):

from typing import Set, Union

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Image(BaseModel):
    url: str
    name: str


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    tax: Union[float, None] = None
    tags: Set[str] = set()
    image: Union[Image, None] = None


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")