*/
    public static void validateBufferSize(int size, int maxSize, String fieldName) {
        if (size < 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(fieldName + " size cannot be negative: " + size);
        }
        if (size > maxSize) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(fieldName + " size exceeds maximum (" + maxSize + "): " + size);
        }
    }

    /**

      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
          "radix must be between MIN_RADIX and MAX_RADIX but was " + radix);
    }
    boolean negative = string.charAt(0) == '-';
    int index = negative ? 1 : 0;
    if (index == string.length()) {
      return null;
    }
    int digit = AsciiDigits.digit(string.charAt(index++));
    if (digit < 0 || digit >= radix) {
      return null;

        for (byte value : fromCache) {
            assertEquals(0, value);
        }
    }

    // Invalid inputs: negative sizes for constructor arguments
    @Nested
    class InvalidConstruction {
        @Test
        @DisplayName("Negative maxBuffers throws immediately in constructor")
        void negativeMaxBuffersThrows() {

   * high wastes memory.
   *
   * @return this {@code CacheBuilder} instance (for chaining)
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code initialCapacity} is negative
   * @throws IllegalStateException if an initial capacity was already set
   */
  @CanIgnoreReturnValue
  public CacheBuilder<K, V> initialCapacity(int initialCapacity) {
    checkState(

        assertEquals("00001234", Hexdump.toHexString(0x1234, 8));
        assertEquals("1234", Hexdump.toHexString(0x1234, 4));
        assertEquals("34", Hexdump.toHexString(0x1234, 2));

        // Test negative values (treated as unsigned)
        assertEquals("FFFFFFFF", Hexdump.toHexString(-1, 8));
        assertEquals("FFFF", Hexdump.toHexString(-1, 4));
        assertEquals("FF", Hexdump.toHexString(-1, 2));
    }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should throw exception on negative buffer index")
        void testDecodeWithNegativeIndex() {
            assertThrows(SMBProtocolDecodingException.class, () -> testResponse.decode(testBuffer, -1, 10),
                    "Should throw exception for negative buffer index");
        }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should throw exception on negative length")
        void testDecodeWithNegativeLength() {

        assertNotNull(response);
        assertEquals(ServerMessageBlock.SMB_COM_QUERY_INFORMATION, getCommand(response));
    }

    @Test
    void testConstructorWithNegativeTimezone() {
        // Test constructor with negative timezone offset
        long serverTimeZoneOffset = -7200000L; // -2 hours in milliseconds
        response = new SmbComQueryInformationResponse(mockConfig, serverTimeZoneOffset);

        assertNotNull(response);

    final long offset;
    final long length;

    SlicedByteSource(long offset, long length) {
      checkArgument(offset >= 0, "offset (%s) may not be negative", offset);
      checkArgument(length >= 0, "length (%s) may not be negative", length);
      this.offset = offset;
      this.length = length;
    }

    @Override
    public InputStream openStream() throws IOException {

 * it returns is "s". For values in [-499..499] this returns "  0 µs".
 *
 * The returned string attempts to be column-aligned to 6 characters. For negative and large values
 * the returned string may be longer.
 */
fun formatDuration(ns: Long): String {
  val s =
    when {
      ns <= -999_500_000 -> "${(ns - 500_000_000) / 1_000_000_000} s "

            public abstract String symbol();

            public static ScaleUnit getScaleUnit(long size) {
                if (size < 0L) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("file size cannot be negative: " + size);
                }

                if (size >= GIGABYTE.bytes()) {
                    return GIGABYTE;
                } else if (size >= MEGABYTE.bytes()) {
                    return MEGABYTE;