* <td>{@link DateFormat#SHORT} format</td>
 * <td>{@literal H:mm}</td>
 * </tr>
 * <tr>
 * <td>{@link DateFormat#MEDIUM} format</td>
 * <td>{@literal H:mm:ss}</td>
 * </tr>
 * <tr>
 * <td>{@link DateFormat#LONG} format</td>
 * <td>{@literal H:mm:ss z}</td>
 * </tr>
 * <tr>
 * <td>{@link DateFormat#FULL} format</td>
 * <td>{@literal H'時'mm'分'ss'秒' z}</td>
 * </tr>
 * <tr>

     * Do not instantiate.
     */
    protected PreparedStatementUtil() {
    }

    /**
     * Executes the query.
     *
     * @param ps
     *            {@link PreparedStatement}. Must not be {@literal null}.
     * @return {@link ResultSet}
     * @throws SQLRuntimeException
     *             If a {@link SQLException} occurs.
     */

    /**
     * Returns an {@link Iterable} that wraps a {@link MultiIterator} for use in a for-each statement.
     *
     * @param <E> the element type
     * @param iterables the array of {@link Iterable} (must not be {@literal null})
     * @return an {@link Iterable} wrapping a {@link MultiIterator}
     */
    public static <E> Iterable<E> iterable(final Iterable<E>... iterables) {
        assertArgumentNotNull("iterables", iterables);

    }

    /**
     * Converts to {@literal float}.
     *
     * @param o
     *            The object to convert
     * @return The converted {@literal float}
     */
    public static float toPrimitiveFloat(final Object o) {
        return toPrimitiveFloat(o, null);
    }

    /**
     * Converts to {@literal float}.
     *
     * @param o
     *            The object to convert

     */
    public LineIterator(final Reader reader) {
        assertArgumentNotNull("reader", reader);
        this.reader = new BufferedReader(reader);
    }

    /**
     * Constructs an instance.
     *
     * @param reader
     *            The {@link BufferedReader} to read strings from. Must not be {@literal null}.
     */

    @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes") // class literals
    private final List<Class<? extends AbstractTester>> testers;

    @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes") // class literals
    OneSizeTestSuiteBuilder(List<Class<? extends AbstractTester>> testers) {
      this.testers = testers;
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes") // class literals
    @Override

     *            Exception. Must not be {@literal null}.
     */
    public void log(final Throwable throwable) {
        assertArgumentNotNull("throwable", throwable);

        error(throwable.getMessage(), throwable);
    }

    /**
     * Outputs a log entry.
     *
     * @param messageCode
     *            Message code. Must not be {@literal null} or empty string.
     * @param args

 * <p>
 * Supported protocols:
 * </p>
 * <ul>
 * <li>{@literal file}</li>
 * <li>{@literal jar}</li>
 * <li>{@literal wsjar} (WebSphere proprietary protocol, alias for {@literal jar})</li>
 * <li>{@literal zip} (WebLogic proprietary protocol, use {@literal jar} protocol for normal zip files)</li>
 * <li>{@literal code-source} (Oracle AS(OC4J) proprietary protocol)</li>
 * <li>{@literal vfsfile} (JBossAS5 proprietary protocol, alias for {@literal file})</li>

from typing import Literal

from fastapi import FastAPI, Query
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field

app = FastAPI()


class FilterParams(BaseModel):
    limit: int = Field(100, gt=0, le=100)
    offset: int = Field(0, ge=0)
    order_by: Literal["created_at", "updated_at"] = "created_at"
    tags: list[str] = []


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(filter_query: FilterParams = Query()):

from typing import Annotated, Literal

from fastapi import FastAPI, Query
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field

app = FastAPI()


class FilterParams(BaseModel):
    model_config = {"extra": "forbid"}

    limit: int = Field(100, gt=0, le=100)
    offset: int = Field(0, ge=0)
    order_by: Literal["created_at", "updated_at"] = "created_at"
    tags: list[str] = []


@app.get("/items/")