* @param array the source array
   * @param minLength the minimum length the returned array must guarantee
   * @param padding an extra amount to "grow" the array by if growth is necessary
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code minLength} or {@code padding} is negative
   * @return an array containing the values of {@code array}, with guaranteed minimum length {@code
   *     minLength}
   */

   *       simply switch over to use the JDK implementation wholesale if probable hash flooding is
   *       detected, sacrificing the compactness guarantee in very rare cases in exchange for much
   *       more reliable worst-case behavior.
   *   <li>null, if no entries have yet been added to the map
   * </ul>
   */
  private transient @Nullable Object table;

 * lock.
 *
 * <p>The guarantee provided by this class is that equal keys lead to the same lock (or semaphore),
 * i.e. {@code if (key1.equals(key2))} then {@code striped.get(key1) == striped.get(key2)} (assuming
 * {@link Object#hashCode()} is correctly implemented for the keys). Note that if {@code key1} is
 * <strong>not</strong> equal to {@code key2}, it is <strong>not</strong> guaranteed that {@code

        .containsExactly(0.0, 1.0, 3.0, 6.0, 10.0, 15.0, 21.0)
        .inOrder();
  }

  public void testCopyOf_array_empty() {
    /*
     * We don't guarantee the same-as property, so we aren't obligated to test it. However, it's
     * useful in testing - when two things are the same then one can't have bugs the other doesn't.
     */

   * methods like {@link #state}, {@link #failureCause} and notably {@link #toString} can be run
   * without grabbing the lock.
   *
   * <p>To update this field correctly the lock must be held to guarantee that the state is
   * consistent.
   */
  private volatile StateSnapshot snapshot = new StateSnapshot(NEW);

  /** Constructor for use by subclasses. */
  protected AbstractService() {}

  /**

  //    it would just add an edge such that if done() observed non-null, then it would also
  //    definitely observe all earlier writes, but we still have no guarantee that done() would see
  //    the initial write (just stronger guarantees if it does).
  //
  // See: http://cs.oswego.edu/pipermail/concurrency-interest/2015-January/013800.html

   * @param array the source array
   * @param minLength the minimum length the returned array must guarantee
   * @param padding an extra amount to "grow" the array by if growth is necessary
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code minLength} or {@code padding} is negative
   * @return an array containing the values of {@code array}, with guaranteed minimum length {@code
   *     minLength}
   */

   * @param array the source array
   * @param minLength the minimum length the returned array must guarantee
   * @param padding an extra amount to "grow" the array by if growth is necessary
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code minLength} or {@code padding} is negative
   * @return an array containing the values of {@code array}, with guaranteed minimum length {@code
   *     minLength}
   */

   * @param array the source array
   * @param minLength the minimum length the returned array must guarantee
   * @param padding an extra amount to "grow" the array by if growth is necessary
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code minLength} or {@code padding} is negative
   * @return an array containing the values of {@code array}, with guaranteed minimum length {@code
   *     minLength}
   */

 * supertype of `Function<A, B>` turns out to be massively more useful to callers in practice: They
 * want their output to be non-null in operations like `stream.map(myConverter)`, and we can
 * guarantee that as long as we also require the input type to be non-null[*] (which is a
 * requirement that existing callers already fulfill).
 *