package clause

// Limit limit clause
type Limit struct {
	Limit  *int
	Offset int
}

// Name where clause name
func (limit Limit) Name() string {
	return "LIMIT"
}

// Build build where clause
func (limit Limit) Build(builder Builder) {
	if limit.Limit != nil && *limit.Limit >= 0 {
		builder.WriteString("LIMIT ")
		builder.AddVar(builder, *limit.Limit)
	}
	if limit.Offset > 0 {

    "baz": {"name": "Baz", "description": None, "price": 50.2, "tax": 10.5, "tags": []},
}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}", response_model=Item, response_model_exclude_unset=True)
async def read_item(item_id: str):

# 直接回傳 Response { #return-a-response-directly }

當你建立一個 **FastAPI** 的路徑操作 (path operation) 時，通常可以從中回傳任何資料：`dict`、`list`、Pydantic 模型、資料庫模型等。

如果你宣告了 [回應模型](../tutorial/response-model.md)，FastAPI 會用 Pydantic 將資料序列化為 JSON。

如果你沒有宣告回應模型，FastAPI 會使用在[JSON 相容編碼器](../tutorial/encoder.md)中說明的 `jsonable_encoder`，並把它放進 `JSONResponse`。

但你也可以直接從路徑操作回傳 `JSONResponse`。

/// tip

* Fixes a bug where if an error was returned that was not an `autorest.DetailedError` we would return `"not found", nil` which caused nodes to go to `NotReady` state. ([#57484](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/57484), [@brendandburns](https://github.com/brendandburns))

Bu durumda HTTP header `Content-Type`, `text/html` olarak ayarlanır.

Ve OpenAPI’de de bu şekilde dokümante edilir.

///

### Bir `Response` Döndür { #return-a-response }

[Doğrudan bir Response döndür](response-directly.md) bölümünde görüldüğü gibi, *path operation* içinde doğrudan bir response döndürerek response’u override edebilirsiniz.

        when(mockHost.getHostName()).thenReturn(TEST_HOSTNAME);
        when(mockConfig.getDefaultDomain()).thenReturn(TEST_DOMAIN);
        when(mockConfig.isUseUnicode()).thenReturn(true);

        return mockContext;
    }

    @Nested
    @DisplayName("Constructor Tests")
    class ConstructorTests {

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Constructor with CIFSContext should create message with default flags")

Örneğin `Hero` tipinde bir parametre tanımlarsanız, bu parametre **JSON body**’den okunur.

Aynı şekilde, bunu fonksiyonun **return type**’ı olarak da tanımlayabilirsiniz; böylece verinin şekli otomatik API docs arayüzünde görünür.

{* ../../docs_src/sql_databases/tutorial001_an_py310.py ln[40:45] hl[40:45] *}

from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from inline_snapshot import snapshot

app = FastAPI()


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
def save_item_no_body(item_id: str):
    return {"item_id": item_id}


client = TestClient(app)


def test_put_no_body():
    response = client.put("/items/foo")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"item_id": "foo"}

`HeroUpdate` 的欄位有：

* `name`
* `age`
* `secret_name`

{* ../../docs_src/sql_databases/tutorial002_an_py310.py ln[7:28] hl[25:28] *}

### 用 `HeroCreate` 建立並回傳 `HeroPublic` { #create-with-herocreate-and-return-a-heropublic }

現在我們有了「多個模型」，可以更新應用中使用它們的部分。

我們在請求中接收 `HeroCreate`（資料模型），並由它建立一個 `Hero`（資料表模型）。

這個新的資料表模型 `Hero` 會有用戶端傳來的欄位，並且會由資料庫產生一個 `id`。

def get_client() -> TestClient:
    from docs_src.conditional_openapi import tutorial001_py310

    importlib.reload(tutorial001_py310)

    client = TestClient(tutorial001_py310.app)
    return client


def test_disable_openapi(monkeypatch):
    monkeypatch.setenv("OPENAPI_URL", "")
    # Load the client after setting the env var
    client = get_client()
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")