"price": 50.5,
            "description": None,
            "tax": None,
        },
    }


def test_post_no_body(client: TestClient):
    response = client.put("/items/5", json=None)
    assert response.status_code == 422
    assert response.json() == {
        "detail": [
            {
                "input": None,
                "loc": [
                    "body",

            dstIndex += ((AndXServerMessageBlock) andx).writeAndXWireFormat(dst, dstIndex);
        } else {
            // the andx smb is not of type andx so lets just write it here and
            // were done.
            final int andxStart = dstIndex;
            andx.wordCount = andx.writeParameterWordsWireFormat(dst, dstIndex);
            dstIndex += andx.wordCount + 1;
            andx.wordCount /= 2;

logFile = File("/tmp/key.log"), tlsVersions = tlsVersions, launch = launch)`
 * 3. Register with `client.eventListenerFactory(eventListenerFactory)`
 * 4. Launch wireshark if not done externally `val process = eventListenerFactory.launchWireShark()`
 */
@SuppressSignatureCheck
class WireSharkListenerFactory(
  private val logFile: File,
  private val tlsVersions: List<TlsVersion>,

 * future.addListener(new Runnable() {
 *   public void run() {
 *     processedCount.incrementAndGet();
 *     inFlight.remove(name);
 *     lastProcessed.set(name);
 *     logger.info("Done with {0}", name);
 *   }
 * }, executor);
 * }
 *
 * <h3>How to get an instance</h3>
 *
 * <p>We encourage you to return {@code ListenableFuture} from your methods so that your users can

 * future.addListener(new Runnable() {
 *   public void run() {
 *     processedCount.incrementAndGet();
 *     inFlight.remove(name);
 *     lastProcessed.set(name);
 *     logger.info("Done with {0}", name);
 *   }
 * }, executor);
 * }
 *
 * <h3>How to get an instance</h3>
 *
 * <p>We encourage you to return {@code ListenableFuture} from your methods so that your users can

 *   <li>{@code override}: Completely replaces the element</li>
 *   <li>{@code remove}: Removes the element</li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * <p>For complex XML structures, combining can also be done based on:</p>
 * <ul>
 *   <li>ID: Using the {@code combine.id} attribute</li>
 *   <li>Keys: Using the {@code combine.keys} attribute with comma-separated key names</li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * @since 4.0.0
 */

///

## Optionaler Datei-Upload { #optional-file-upload }

Sie können eine Datei optional machen, indem Sie Standard-Typannotationen verwenden und den Defaultwert auf `None` setzen:

{* ../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02_an_py310.py hl[9,17] *}

## `UploadFile` mit zusätzlichen Metadaten { #uploadfile-with-additional-metadata }

from typing import Optional

from fastapi import FastAPI, File
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

app = FastAPI()


@app.post("/files")
async def upload_files(files: Optional[list[bytes]] = File(None)):
    if files is None:
        return {"files_count": 0}
    return {"files_count": len(files), "sizes": [len(f) for f in files]}


def test_optional_bytes_list():
    client = TestClient(app)
    response = client.post(

from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    tax: float = 10.5


items = {
    "foo": {"name": "Foo", "price": 50.2},
    "bar": {"name": "Bar", "description": "The Bar fighters", "price": 62, "tax": 20.2},
    "baz": {
        "name": "Baz",

    assert response.json() == {
        "detail": [
            {
                "type": "missing",
                "loc": ["cookie", "p"],
                "msg": "Field required",
                "input": IsOneOf(None, {}),
            }
        ]
    }


@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "path",
    ["/required-str", "/model-required-str"],
)
def test_required_str(path: str):
    client = TestClient(app)