app = FastAPI()


class ModelB(BaseModel):
    username: str


class ModelC(ModelB):
    password: str


class ModelA(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Optional[str] = None
    model_b: ModelB

    @validator("name")
    def lower_username(cls, name: str, values):
        if not name.endswith("A"):
            raise ValueError("name must end in A")
        return name

                DependencyScope.TEST.isTransitive(),
                byProjectPath(CommonBuilds.PROJECT_PATH_TEST)));
        result.add(internalScopeManager.createDependencyScope(
                DependencyScope.NONE.id(), DependencyScope.NONE.isTransitive(), Collections.emptySet()));
        result.add(internalScopeManager.createDependencyScope(
                DependencyScope.COMPILE_ONLY.id(),
                DependencyScope.COMPILE_ONLY.isTransitive(),

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: float
    is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None


@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item):

Par exemple, le modèle ci-dessus déclare un "objet" JSON (ou `dict` Python) tel que :

```JSON
{
    "name": "Foo",
    "description": "An optional description",
    "price": 45.2,
    "tax": 3.5
}
```

...`description` et `tax` étant des attributs optionnels (avec `None` comme valeur par défaut), cet "objet" JSON serait aussi valide :

  font-style: italic;
  display: block;
}

.termy {
  /* For right to left languages */
  direction: ltr;
}

.termy [data-termynal] {
  white-space: pre-wrap;
}

.termy .linenos {
  display: none;
}

a.external-link {
  /* For right to left languages */
  direction: ltr;
  display: inline-block;
}

a.external-link::after {
  /* \00A0 is a non-breaking space

    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {
        "item_id": 5,
        "item": {"name": "Foo", "price": 3.0, "description": None, "tax": None},
    }


def test_items_6(client: TestClient):
    response = client.put(
        "/items/6",
        json={
            "item": {
                "name": "Bar",
                "price": 0.2,

    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {
        "item_id": 5,
        "item": {"name": "Foo", "price": 3.0, "description": None, "tax": None},
    }


@needs_py310
def test_items_6(client: TestClient):
    response = client.put(
        "/items/6",
        json={
            "item": {
                "name": "Bar",

{!> ../../docs_src/body/tutorial001.py!}
```

////

与声明查询参数一样，包含默认值的模型属性是可选的，否则就是必选的。默认值为 `None` 的模型属性也是可选的。

例如，上述模型声明如下 JSON **对象**（即 Python **字典**）：

```JSON
{
    "name": "Foo",
    "description": "An optional description",
    "price": 45.2,
    "tax": 3.5
}
```

……由于 `description` 和 `tax` 是可选的（默认值为 `None`），下面的 JSON **对象**也有效：

```JSON
{
    "name": "Foo",
    "price": 45.2
}
```

    @Volatile private var queryParamsNameToRedact = emptySet<String>()

    @set:JvmName("level")
    @Volatile
    var level = Level.NONE

    enum class Level {
      /** No logs. */
      NONE,

      /**
       * Logs request and response lines.
       *
       * Example:
       * ```
       * --> POST /greeting http/1.1 (3-byte body)
       *

     *
     * @see #getModelIds()
     * @param modelId The identifier of the model whose active profiles should be retrieved, must not be {@code null}.
     * @return The active profiles of the model or an empty list if none or {@code null} if the specified model id does
     *         not refer to a known model.
     */
    List<Profile> getActivePomProfiles(String modelId);

    /**