app = FastAPI()


def write_log(message: str):
    with open("log.txt", mode="a") as log:
        log.write(message)


def get_query(background_tasks: BackgroundTasks, q: str | None = None):
    if q:
        message = f"found query: {q}\n"
        background_tasks.add_task(write_log, message)
    return q


@app.post("/send-notification/{email}")
async def send_notification(

        msgs.add("* but aggregator Mojos require exclusive access to reactor to   *");
        msgs.add("* prevent race conditions. This mojo execution will be blocked  *");
        msgs.add("* until the aggregator work is done.                            *");
        msgs.add("*****************************************************************");

        assertEquals(
                msgs,
                MultilineMessageHelper.format(

    assert response.json() == {
        "detail": [
            {
                "type": "missing",
                "loc": ["body", "file"],
                "msg": "Field required",
                "input": None,
            }
        ]
    }


def test_post_body_json(client: TestClient):
    response = client.post("/files/", json={"file": "Foo"})
    assert response.status_code == 422, response.text

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel, EmailStr

app = FastAPI()


class UserBase(BaseModel):
    username: str
    email: EmailStr
    full_name: str | None = None


class UserIn(UserBase):
    password: str


class UserOut(UserBase):
    pass


class UserInDB(UserBase):
    hashed_password: str


def fake_password_hasher(raw_password: str):

    assert response.json() == {
        "item_id": 5,
        "item": {
            "name": "Foo",
            "description": None,
            "price": 35.4,
            "tax": None,
            "tags": [],
            "image": None,
        },
    }


def test_put_empty_body(client: TestClient):
    response = client.put(
        "/items/5",
        json={},
    )

</div>

Это означает, что у него **всегда будет какое‑то значение**, просто иногда это значение может быть `None` (или `null` в JSON).

Следовательно, клиентам, использующим ваш API, не нужно проверять наличие этого значения: они могут **исходить из того, что поле всегда присутствует**, а в некоторых случаях имеет значение по умолчанию `None`.

В OpenAPI это описывается тем, что поле помечается как **обязательное**, поскольку оно всегда присутствует.

	// apply len2 zeros to crc1 (first square will put the operator for one
	// zero byte, eight zero bits, in even)
	crc1n := uint64(crc1)
	for {
		// apply zeros operator for this bit of len2
		gf2MatrixSquare(even, odd)
		if len2&1 != 0 {
			crc1n = gf2MatrixTimes(even, crc1n)
		}
		len2 >>= 1

		// if no more bits set, then done
		if len2 == 0 {
			break
		}

<img src="/img/tutorial/response-model/image02.png">

## 응답 모델 인코딩 매개변수

응답 모델은 아래와 같이 기본값을 가질 수 있습니다:

{* ../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial004.py hl[11,13:14] *}

* `description: Optional[str] = None`은 기본값으로 `None`을 갖습니다.
* `tax: float = 10.5`는 기본값으로 `10.5`를 갖습니다.
* `tags: List[str] = []` 빈 리스트의 기본값으로: `[]`.

그러나 실제로 저장되지 않았을 경우 결과에서 값을 생략하고 싶을 수 있습니다.

                {"name": "Holy Buddies", "description": None},
            ],
        },
        {
            "name": "System of an Up",
            "items": [
                {
                    "name": "Salt",
                    "description": "The kombucha mushroom people's favorite",
                },
                {"name": "Pad Thai", "description": None},
                {
                    "name": "Lonely Night",

    private CIFSContext mockContext;

    @Mock
    private CreateContextRequest mockCreateContext;

    private Smb2CreateRequest request;

    @BeforeEach
    void setUp() {
        // Setup will be done in individual tests when needed
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Test constructor with path initialization")
    void testConstructor() {
        // Test with normal path