return HTTPException(
            status_code=HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
            detail="Not authenticated",
            headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
        )

    async def __call__(self, request: Request) -> Optional[str]:
        authorization = request.headers.get("Authorization")
        if not authorization:
            if self.auto_error:

**FastAPI** 会创建一个 `BackgroundTasks` 类型的对象并作为该参数传入。

## 创建一个任务函数

创建要作为后台任务运行的函数。

它只是一个可以接收参数的标准函数。

它可以是 `async def` 或普通的 `def` 函数，**FastAPI** 知道如何正确处理。

在这种情况下，任务函数将写入一个文件（模拟发送电子邮件）。

由于写操作不使用 `async` 和 `await`，我们用普通的 `def` 定义函数：

{* ../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial001.py hl[6:9] *}

## 添加后台任务

在你的 *路径操作函数* 里，用 `.add_task()` 方法将任务函数传到 *后台任务* 对象中：

```

<details markdown="1">
<summary>または<code>async def</code>を使います...</summary>

`async` / `await`を使用するときは、 `async def`を使います:

```Python hl_lines="7 12"
from fastapi import FastAPI

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/")
async def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
async def read_item(item_id: int, q: str = None):

  html_url: https://github.com/liaogx/fastapi-tutorial
  stars: 1327
  owner_login: liaogx
  owner_html_url: https://github.com/liaogx
- name: fastapi-alembic-sqlmodel-async
  html_url: https://github.com/jonra1993/fastapi-alembic-sqlmodel-async
  stars: 1259
  owner_login: jonra1993
  owner_html_url: https://github.com/jonra1993
- name: fastapi-scaff
  html_url: https://github.com/atpuxiner/fastapi-scaff
  stars: 1255

        public void process(Consumer<TransferEvent> consumer) {
            consumer.accept(event);
        }

        public void waitForProcessed() throws InterruptedException {
            // nothing, is async
        }
    }

    private static class BlockingExchange extends Exchange {
        private final CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);

        private BlockingExchange(TransferEvent event) {

```Python
contents = myfile.file.read()
```

/// note | Detalhes Técnicos do `async`

Quando você usa os métodos `async`, o **FastAPI** executa os métodos de arquivo em um threadpool e aguarda por eles.

///

/// note | Detalhes Técnicos do Starlette

El código posterior a la declaración `yield` se ejecuta después del response:

{* ../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial007_py39.py hl[5:6] *}

/// tip | Consejo

Puedes usar funciones `async` o regulares.

**FastAPI** hará lo correcto con cada una, igual que con dependencias normales.

///

## Una dependencia con `yield` y `try` { #a-dependency-with-yield-and-try }

* full stack: full stack (do not translate to "pila completa")
* full-stack: full-stack (do not translate to "de pila completa")
* stack: stack (do not translate to "pila")
* loop (as in async loop): loop (do not translate to "bucle" or "ciclo")
* hard dependencies: dependencias obligatorias (do not translate to "dependencias duras")
* locking: locking (do not translate to "bloqueo")

У даному випадку це асинхронна функція.

---

Ви також можете визначити її як звичайну функцію замість `async def`:

{* ../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial003.py hl[7] *}

/// note | Примітка

Якщо не знаєте в чому різниця, подивіться [Конкурентність: *"Поспішаєш?"*](../async.md#in-a-hurry){.internal-link target=_blank}.

///

### Крок 5: поверніть результат

	scanStateStarted
	scanStateSuccess
	scanStateError

	// Time in which the initiator of a scan must have reported back.
	metacacheMaxRunningAge = time.Minute

	// Max time between client calls before dropping an async cache listing.
	metacacheMaxClientWait = 3 * time.Minute

	// metacacheBlockSize is the number of file/directory entries to have in each block.
	metacacheBlockSize = 5000