/**
     * Creates a default toolchain instance using system defaults.
     *
     * @return Optional containing the default toolchain if available
     * @throws ToolchainFactoryException if default toolchain creation fails
     */
    @Nonnull
    Optional<Toolchain> createDefaultToolchain() throws ToolchainFactoryException;

    }

    @Override
    public Optional<Long> sizeIfKnown() {
      Optional<Long> optionalUnslicedSize = ByteSource.this.sizeIfKnown();
      if (optionalUnslicedSize.isPresent()) {
        long unslicedSize = optionalUnslicedSize.get();
        long off = min(offset, unslicedSize);
        return Optional.of(min(length, unslicedSize - off));
      }
      return Optional.absent();
    }

    @Override

    private static Optional<String> lookupMessage(int code) {
        int[] codes = WinError.WINERR_CODES;
        String[] msgs = WinError.WINERR_MESSAGES;
        for (int i = 0; i < codes.length; i++) {
            if (codes[i] == code) {
                return Optional.of(msgs[i]);
            }
        }
        return Optional.empty();
    }

```Python hl_lines="1  4"
{!../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009.py!}
```

`Optional[str]` ব্যবহার করা মানে হল শুধু `str` নয়, এটি হতে পারে `None`-ও, যা আপনার এডিটরকে সেই ত্রুটিগুলি শনাক্ত করতে সাহায্য করবে যেখানে আপনি ধরে নিচ্ছেন যে একটি মান সবসময় `str` হবে, অথচ এটি `None`-ও হতে পারেও।

 */
@Experimental
public interface ArtifactManager extends Service {

    /**
     * Returns the path of the file previously associated to this artifact
     * or {@code Optional.empty()} if no path has been associated.
     */
    @Nonnull
    Optional<Path> getPath(@Nonnull Artifact artifact);

    /**
     * Associates the given file path to the artifact.
     */
    void setPath(@Nonnull ProducedArtifact artifact, Path path);

* Datenvalidierung
* Automatische Dokumentation

## Defaultwerte

Da Query-Parameter nicht ein festgelegter Teil des Pfades sind, können sie optional sein und Defaultwerte haben.

Im obigen Beispiel haben sie die Defaultwerte `skip=0` und `limit=10`.

Wenn Sie also zur URL:

```
http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/
```

```Python hl_lines="1  4"
{!../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009.py!}
```

Usar `Optional[str]` en lugar de solo `str` te permitirá al editor ayudarte a detectar errores donde podrías estar asumiendo que un valor siempre es un `str`, cuando en realidad también podría ser `None`.

# Apache Maven Encrypt Script
#
# Environment Variable Prerequisites
#
#   JAVA_HOME           (Optional) Points to a Java installation.
#   MAVEN_OPTS          (Optional) Java runtime options used when Maven is executed.
#   MAVEN_SKIP_RC       (Optional) Flag to disable loading of mavenrc files.
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Apache Maven Encrypt Script
#
# Environment Variable Prerequisites
#
#   JAVA_HOME           (Optional) Points to a Java installation.
#   MAVEN_OPTS          (Optional) Java runtime options used when Maven is executed.
#   MAVEN_SKIP_RC       (Optional) Flag to disable loading of mavenrc files.
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

    }

    @Override
    public Optional<Long> lengthIfKnown() {
      long result = 0L;
      for (CharSource source : sources) {
        Optional<Long> lengthIfKnown = source.lengthIfKnown();
        if (!lengthIfKnown.isPresent()) {
          return Optional.absent();
        }
        result += lengthIfKnown.get();
      }
      return Optional.of(result);
    }

    @Override