import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;

import java.util.Set;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullUnmarked;
import org.junit.Test;

/**
 * Abstract base class for testing directed {@link Graph} implementations defined in this package.
 */
@NullUnmarked
public abstract class AbstractStandardDirectedGraphTest extends AbstractGraphTest {

  @Override
  @Test

import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Set;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullUnmarked;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Test;

/**
 * Abstract base class for testing directed {@link Network} implementations defined in this package.
 */
@NullUnmarked
public abstract class AbstractStandardDirectedNetworkTest extends AbstractNetworkTest {

  @After
  public void validateSourceAndTarget() {

import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Optional;
import java.util.Set;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullUnmarked;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Test;

/**
 * Abstract base class for testing directed {@link Network} implementations defined in this package.
 */
@NullUnmarked
public abstract class AbstractStandardDirectedNetworkTest extends AbstractNetworkTest {

  @After
  public void validateSourceAndTarget() {

// The new graph construction API, still under development.

// Represents a computation graph.  Graphs may be shared between sessions.
// Graphs are thread-safe when used as directed below.
typedef struct TF_Graph TF_Graph;

// Return a new graph object.
TF_CAPI_EXPORT extern TF_Graph* TF_NewGraph(void);

// Destroy an options object. Graph will be deleted once no more

to be a letter, written by the prisoner to--to somebody.'

  `It must have been that,' said the King, `unless it was
written to nobody, which isn't usual, you know.'

  `Who is it directed to?' said one of the jurymen.

  `It isn't directed at all,' said the White Rabbit; `in fact,
there's nothing written on the OUTSIDE.'  He unfolded the paper
as he spoke, and added `It isn't a letter, after all:  it's a set
of verses.'

- Kube-proxy: Traffic from the cluster directed to ExternalIPs is always sent directly to the Service. ([#96296](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/96296), [@aojea](https://github.com/aojea)) [SIG Network and Testing]

# Return a Response Directly { #return-a-response-directly }

When you create a **FastAPI** *path operation* you can normally return any data from it: a `dict`, a `list`, a Pydantic model, a database model, etc.

By default, **FastAPI** would automatically convert that return value to JSON using the `jsonable_encoder` explained in [JSON Compatible Encoder](../tutorial/encoder.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.

Up to now, you have been declaring the parts of the request that you need with their types.

Taking data from:

* The path as parameters.
* Headers.
* Cookies.
* etc.

And by doing so, **FastAPI** is validating that data, converting it and generating documentation for your API automatically.

But there are situations where you might need to access the `Request` object directly.

Naves <******@****.***> 1751606515 +0300

Sebastián Ramírez <******@****.***> 1731896744 +0100