URLConnection conn = handler.openConnection(url);

        // Assert
        assertNotNull(conn);
        assertTrue(conn instanceof SmbFile);
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("openConnection throws NPE for null URL")
    void testOpenConnectionWithNullUrl() {
        // Act & Assert
        assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> handler.openConnection(null));
    }

    @Test

    }

    @Test
    public void test_toString() {
        // Test toString method
        String message = "Dictionary parse error";
        Exception cause = new NullPointerException("NPE occurred");
        DictionaryException exception = new DictionaryException(message, cause);

        String toStringResult = exception.toString();
        assertNotNull(toStringResult);

        // Test throwing and catching the exception with cause
        String expectedMessage = "Job execution failed with error";
        Throwable expectedCause = new NullPointerException("NPE occurred");
        boolean exceptionCaught = false;

        try {
            throw new ScheduledJobException(expectedMessage, expectedCause);
        } catch (ScheduledJobException e) {

    }

    @Test
    public void test_getMessage_withComplexCause() {
        // Test getMessage behavior with complex cause structure
        final Exception innerCause = new NullPointerException("NPE occurred");
        final Exception outerCause = new IllegalStateException("State error", innerCause);
        final JobProcessingException exception = new JobProcessingException(outerCause);

        assertTrue(exception1.getCause() instanceof java.io.IOException);

        StorageException exception2 = new StorageException("NPE", new NullPointerException("Null reference"));
        assertTrue(exception2.getCause() instanceof NullPointerException);

    }

    @Test
    public void test_stackTrace() {
        // Test that stack trace is properly preserved
        String message = "GSA error with stack trace";
        Throwable cause = new NullPointerException("NPE occurred");
        GsaConfigException exception = new GsaConfigException(message, cause);

        assertNotNull(exception.getStackTrace());
        assertTrue(exception.getStackTrace().length > 0);

            throw new RuntimeCIFSException("Usage count dropped below zero");
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void finalize() throws Throwable {
        try {
            // Add null check to prevent NPE if object was not fully constructed
            if (this.usageCount != null && this.usageCount.get() != 0) {
                log.warn("Tree handle was not properly released, performing emergency cleanup: "

class SmbComSeekResponseTest {

    @Mock
    private Configuration mockConfig;

    private SmbComSeekResponse response;

    @BeforeEach
    void setUp() {
        // Setup mock configuration to avoid NPE
        when(mockConfig.getPid()).thenReturn(12345);
        response = new SmbComSeekResponse(mockConfig);
    }

    /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */

     * package-private, I feel OK with just not testing them for NPE.
     *
     * Note that testing casValue is particularly dangerous because it uses Unsafe under some
     * versions of Java, and apparently Unsafe can cause SIGSEGV instead of NPE—almost as if it's
     * not safe.
     */
    concat(
            stream(AbstractFuture.class.getDeclaredMethods()),

        // Test with different types of causes
        DataStoreException withIOException = new DataStoreException("IO Error", new java.io.IOException("File not found"));
        DataStoreException withNPE = new DataStoreException("NPE Error", new NullPointerException("Null value"));
        DataStoreException withCustom = new DataStoreException("Custom Error", new FessSystemException("System error"));