{* ../../docs_src/middleware/tutorial001_py39.py hl[8:9,11,14] *}

/// tip | Dica

Tenha em mente que cabeçalhos proprietários personalizados podem ser adicionados <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers" class="external-link" target="_blank">usando o prefixo `X-`</a>.

			// Lambda mock server
			lambdaServer := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
				w.Header().Set(xhttp.AmzRequestRoute, functionID)
				w.Header().Set(xhttp.AmzRequestToken, functionToken)
				w.Header().Set(xhttp.AmzFwdHeaderContentType, contentType)
				w.Header().Set(xhttp.AmzFwdStatus, strconv.Itoa(lambdaStatus))
				w.WriteHeader(lambdaStatus)
				w.Write([]byte(lambdaBody))
			}))

### Transition Status

    assertEquals(setOf(OkHttpTest::class.java.name), testHandler.calls.keys)
  }

  fun testCachedRequest() {
    enableTls()

    server.enqueue(MockResponse(body = "abc", headers = Headers.headersOf("cache-control", "public, max-age=3")))
    server.enqueue(MockResponse(body = "abc"))

    val ctxt = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().targetContext.applicationContext

{* ../../docs_src/middleware/tutorial001_py39.py hl[8:9,11,14] *}

/// tip | Примечание

Имейте в виду, что можно добавлять свои собственные заголовки <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers" class="external-link" target="_blank">при помощи префикса 'X-'</a>.

# Using the Request Directly { #using-the-request-directly }

Up to now, you have been declaring the parts of the request that you need with their types.

Taking data from:

* The path as parameters.
* Headers.
* Cookies.
* etc.

And by doing so, **FastAPI** is validating that data, converting it and generating documentation for your API automatically.

But there are situations where you might need to access the `Request` object directly.

            "input": "plumbus"
        }
    ]
}
```

## 總結

你可以使用 **Pydantic 模型**在 **FastAPI** 中聲明**查詢參數**。😎

/// tip

劇透警告：你也可以使用 Pydantic 模型來聲明 cookie 和 headers，但你將在本教學的後面部分閱讀到這部分內容。🤫

    ],
)
def get_client(request: pytest.FixtureRequest):
    mod = importlib.import_module(f"docs_src.dataclasses_.{request.param}")

    client = TestClient(mod.app)
    client.headers.clear()
    return client


def test_post_authors_item(client: TestClient):
    response = client.post(
        "/authors/foo/items/",
        json=[{"name": "Bar"}, {"name": "Baz", "description": "Drop the Baz"}],

// Code generated by github.com/tinylib/msgp DO NOT EDIT.

package cmd

import (
	"github.com/tinylib/msgp/msgp"
)

// DecodeMsg implements msgp.Decodable
func (z *PartialOperation) DecodeMsg(dc *msgp.Reader) (err error) {
	var field []byte
	_ = field
	var zb0001 uint32
	zb0001, err = dc.ReadMapHeader()
	if err != nil {
		err = msgp.WrapError(err)
		return
	}
	for zb0001 > 0 {
		zb0001--
		field, err = dc.ReadMapKeyPtr()

* `content` – Ein `str` oder `bytes`.
* `status_code` – Ein `int`-HTTP-Statuscode.
* `headers` – Ein `dict` von Strings.
* `media_type` – Ein `str`, der den Medientyp angibt. Z. B. `"text/html"`.

FastAPI (eigentlich Starlette) fügt automatisch einen Content-Length-Header ein. Außerdem wird es einen Content-Type-Header einfügen, der auf dem media_type basiert, und für Texttypen einen Zeichensatz (charset) anfügen.