private int length;

    Murmur3_128Hasher(int seed) {
      super(CHUNK_SIZE);
      this.h1 = seed;
      this.h2 = seed;
      this.length = 0;
    }

    @Override
    protected void process(ByteBuffer bb) {
      long k1 = bb.getLong();
      long k2 = bb.getLong();
      bmix64(k1, k2);
      length += CHUNK_SIZE;
    }

    private void bmix64(long k1, long k2) {
      h1 ^= mixK1(k1);

import com.google.errorprone.annotations.DoNotMock;

/**
 * An object that converts literal text into a format safe for inclusion in a particular context
 * (such as an XML document). Typically (but not always), the inverse process of "unescaping" the
 * text is performed automatically by the relevant parser.
 *
 * <p>For example, an XML escaper would convert the literal string {@code "Foo<Bar>"} into {@code

  // We calculate the constant below by:
  //   1. Omitting the most significant bit (because it's always 1). => 0x1EDC6F41
  //   2. Flipping the bits of the constant so we can process a byte at a time. => 0x82F63B78
  private static final int CRC32C_GENERATOR = 0x1EDC6F41; // 0x11EDC6F41
  private static final int CRC32C_GENERATOR_FLIPPED = Integer.reverse(CRC32C_GENERATOR);

        this.extractorMap = extractorMap;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new ExtractorBuilder instance.
     *
     * @param in      The input stream to be processed by the extractor.
     * @param params  The parameters to be used by the extractor.
     * @return A new ExtractorBuilder instance.
     */

In particular, this may be a good alternative to logic in a middleware.

For example, if you want to read or manipulate the request body before it is processed by your application.

/// danger

This is an "advanced" feature.

If you are just starting with **FastAPI** you might want to skip this section.

///

## Use cases { #use-cases }

   - Use `[WIP]` for in-progress PRs to avoid premature merging or choose GitHub draft PRs.

2. **Commits**:
   - Write clear messages: what changed and why (e.g., “Refactor S3 API handler to reduce latency so that requests process 20% faster”).
   - Rebase to tidy commits before submitting (e.g., `git rebase -i main` to squash typos or reword messages), unless multiple contributors worked on the branch.

     * `ID <= lastGoodStreamId` can only be replayed on a new connection if they are idempotent.
     *
     * @param lastGoodStreamId the last stream ID the peer processed before sending this message. If
     *     [lastGoodStreamId] is zero, the peer processed no frames.
     * @param errorCode reason for closing the connection.
     * @param debugData only valid for HTTP/2; opaque debug data to send.
     */
    fun goAway(

    }

    /**
     * Enumeration representing HTTP methods.
     * <ul>
     *   <li>GET - Requests data from a specified resource.</li>
     *   <li>POST - Submits data to be processed to a specified resource.</li>
     *   <li>PUT - Updates a current resource with new data.</li>
     *   <li>DELETE - Deletes the specified resource.</li>

As they are part of the URL, they are "naturally" strings.

But when you declare them with Python types (in the example above, as `int`), they are converted to that type and validated against it.

All the same process that applied for path parameters also applies for query parameters:

* Editor support (obviously)
* Data <abbr title="converting the string that comes from an HTTP request into Python data">"parsing"</abbr>
* Data validation

import org.lastaflute.core.message.supplier.UserMessagesCreator;
import org.lastaflute.web.TypicalAction;
import org.lastaflute.web.response.HtmlResponse;
import org.lastaflute.web.ruts.process.ActionRuntime;
import org.lastaflute.web.servlet.request.RequestManager;
import org.lastaflute.web.util.LaServletContextUtil;
import org.lastaflute.web.validation.ActionValidator;
import org.opensearch.monitor.os.OsProbe;