//// tab | Pydantic v2

{* ../../docs_src/settings/tutorial001_py39.py hl[2,5:8,11] *}

////

//// tab | Pydantic v1

/// info | Información

En Pydantic v1 importarías `BaseSettings` directamente desde `pydantic` en lugar de desde `pydantic_settings`.

///

* Credentials (Authorization headers, Cookies, etc).
* Specific HTTP methods (`POST`, `PUT`) or all of them with the wildcard `"*"`.
* Specific HTTP headers or all of them with the wildcard `"*"`.

{* ../../docs_src/cors/tutorial001_py39.py hl[2,6:11,13:19] *}

Schreiben Sie einfache `assert`-Anweisungen mit den Standard-Python-Ausdrücken, die Sie überprüfen müssen (wiederum, Standard-`pytest`).

{* ../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial001_py39.py hl[2,12,15:18] *}

/// tip | Tipp

Beachten Sie, dass die Testfunktionen normal `def` und nicht `async def` sind.

Und die Anrufe an den Client sind ebenfalls normale Anrufe, die nicht `await` verwenden.

Use the `TestClient` object the same way as you do with `httpx`.

Write simple `assert` statements with the standard Python expressions that you need to check (again, standard `pytest`).

{* ../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial001_py39.py hl[2,12,15:18] *}

/// tip

Notice that the testing functions are normal `def`, not `async def`.

And the calls to the client are also normal calls, not using `await`.

import pytest
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from inline_snapshot import snapshot

from ...utils import needs_py310


@pytest.fixture(
    name="mod",
    params=[
        pytest.param("tutorial005_py39"),
        pytest.param("tutorial005_py310", marks=needs_py310),
        pytest.param("tutorial005_an_py39"),
        pytest.param("tutorial005_an_py310", marks=needs_py310),
    ],
)

<img src="/img/tutorial/websockets/image05.png">

## 연결 해제 및 다중 클라이언트 처리

WebSocket 연결이 닫히면, `await websocket.receive_text()`가 `WebSocketDisconnect` 예외를 발생시킵니다. 이를 잡아 처리할 수 있습니다:

{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial003_py39.py hl[79:81] *}

테스트해보기:

* 여러 브라우저 탭에서 앱을 엽니다.
* 각 탭에서 메시지를 작성합니다.
* 한 탭을 닫아보세요.

`WebSocketDisconnect` 예외가 발생하며, 다른 모든 클라이언트가 다음과 같은 메시지를 수신합니다:

```

    SQLModel.metadata.clear()
    # Clear the Models associated with the registry, to avoid warnings
    default_registry.dispose()


@pytest.fixture(
    name="client",
    params=[
        pytest.param("tutorial002_py39"),
        pytest.param("tutorial002_py310", marks=needs_py310),
        pytest.param("tutorial002_an_py39"),
        pytest.param("tutorial002_an_py310", marks=needs_py310),
    ],
)

{* ../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial007_py39.py hl[2:4] *}

El valor generado es lo que se inyecta en *path operations* y otras dependencias:

{* ../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial007_py39.py hl[4] *}

El código posterior a la declaración `yield` se ejecuta después del response:

{* ../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial007_py39.py hl[5:6] *}

/// tip | Consejo

{* ../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial007_py39.py hl[2:4] *}

Значение, полученное из `yield`, внедряется в *операции пути* и другие зависимости:

{* ../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial007_py39.py hl[4] *}

Код, следующий за оператором `yield`, выполняется после ответа:

{* ../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial007_py39.py hl[5:6] *}

/// tip | Подсказка

{* ../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial007_py39.py hl[2:4] *}

Der ge`yield`ete Wert ist das, was in *Pfadoperationen* und andere Abhängigkeiten eingefügt wird:

{* ../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial007_py39.py hl[4] *}

Der auf die `yield`-Anweisung folgende Code wird nach der Response ausgeführt:

{* ../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial007_py39.py hl[5:6] *}

/// tip | Tipp