bufferIndex += 12; // 10 reserved

        return bufferIndex - start;
    }

    @Override
    protected int readBytesWireFormat(final byte[] buffer, final int bufferIndex) {
        // handled special in SmbTransport.doRecv()
        return 0;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {

}
```

/// tip

When raising an `HTTPException`, you can pass any value that can be converted to JSON as the parameter `detail`, not only `str`.

You could pass a `dict`, a `list`, etc.

They are handled automatically by **FastAPI** and converted to JSON.

///

## Add custom headers { #add-custom-headers }

    * Numbers (`int`, `float`) with min and max values, etc.

* Validation for more exotic types, like:
    * URL.
    * Email.
    * UUID.
    * ...and others.

All the validation is handled by the well-established and robust **Pydantic**.

### Security and authentication { #security-and-authentication }

Security and authentication integrated. Without any compromise with databases or data models.

        assertTrue(rateLimiter.checkAttempt("user7", ip), "Should be allowed after manual unblock");
    }

    @Test
    public void testNullUsername() throws Exception {
        // Null username should be handled gracefully
        assertTrue(rateLimiter.checkAttempt(null, "192.168.1.8"), "Null username should be allowed");

        // Should not affect IP limiting
        rateLimiter.recordFailure(null, "192.168.1.8");

	"os"
	"path/filepath"
	"syscall"
)

func access(name string) error {
	_, err := os.Lstat(name)
	return err
}

func osMkdirAll(dirPath string, perm os.FileMode, _ string) error {
	// baseDir is not honored in windows platform
	return os.MkdirAll(dirPath, perm)
}

// readDirFn applies the fn() function on each entries at dirPath, doesn't recurse into

import (
	"io"
	"os"
	"syscall"
)

func access(name string) error {
	_, err := os.Lstat(name)
	return err
}

func osMkdirAll(dirPath string, perm os.FileMode, _ string) error {
	// baseDir is not honored in plan9 and solaris platforms.
	return os.MkdirAll(dirPath, perm)
}

// readDirFn applies the fn() function on each entries at dirPath, doesn't recurse into

                request.addArtifact(pomArtifact);
            } else if (metadata instanceof SnapshotArtifactRepositoryMetadata
                    || metadata instanceof ArtifactRepositoryMetadata) {
                // eaten, handled by repo system
            } else {
                request.addMetadata(new MetadataBridge(metadata));
            }
        }

        try {
            repoSystem.install(session, request);

                request.addArtifact(pomArtifact);
            } else if (metadata instanceof SnapshotArtifactRepositoryMetadata
                    || metadata instanceof ArtifactRepositoryMetadata) {
                // eaten, handled by repo system
            } else {
                request.addMetadata(new MetadataBridge(metadata));
            }
        }

        RemoteRepository remoteRepo = RepositoryUtils.toRepo(deploymentRepository);

            // With size = 6 * 2 = 12, should produce "000F107F80FF"
            assertTrue(result.contains("000F107F80FF"));
        }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Large challenge array is handled correctly")
        void testLargeChallengeArray() {
            byte[] challenge = new byte[16];
            for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
                challenge[i] = (byte) i;
            }

So, the section with:

{% raw %}

```jinja
<a href="{{ url_for('read_item', id=id) }}">
```

{% endraw %}

...will generate a link to the same URL that would be handled by the *path operation function* `read_item(id=id)`.

For example, with an ID of `42`, this would render:

```html
<a href="/items/42">
```

## Templates and static files { #templates-and-static-files }