* </p>
     *
     * @param inData
     *            The data to decode
     * @return The decoded data, or null if the input is null or empty
     */
    public static byte[] decode(final String inData) {
        if (StringUtil.isEmpty(inData)) {
            return null;
        }
        return Base64.getDecoder().decode(inData);
    }

 * includes both natural exceptions such as unreachable servers, as well as synthetic exceptions
 * when responses are of an unexpected type or cannot be decoded.
 *
 * Other exception types cancel the current call:
 *
 *  * For synchronous calls made with [Call.execute], the exception is propagated to the caller.
 *

3/aws4_request,SignedHeaders=host;x-amz-content-sha256;x-amz-date;x-amz-decoded-content-length,Signature=d4d6862e6cc61011a61fa801da71048ece4f32a0562cad6bb88bdda50d7fcb95","Content-Length":"401","Content-Type":"application/octet-stream","User-Agent":"MinIO (linux; amd64) minio-go/v7.0.70 mc/RELEASE.2024-04-30T17-44-48Z","X-Amz-Content-Sha256":"STREAMING-AWS4-HMAC-SHA256-PAYLOAD","X-Amz-Date":"20240509T073810Z","X-Amz-Decoded-Content-Length":"228"},"responseHeader":{"Accept-Ranges":"bytes","Conten...

    }

    /**
     * Decodes the given host string using the specified encoding.
     *
     * @param host the host string to decode
     * @return the decoded host string
     */
    protected String decode(final String host) {
        if (host.indexOf('%') == -1) {
            return host;
        }
        try {
            return URLDecoder.decode(host, encoding);

    bytesIn.writeByte(0x40) // Literal indexed
    bytesIn.writeByte(0x88) // Literal name Huffman encoded 8 bytes
    // decodes to custom-key which is length 10
    bytesIn.write("25a849e95ba97d7f".decodeHex())
    bytesIn.writeByte(0x89) // Literal value Huffman encoded 9 bytes
    // decodes to custom-value which is length 12
    bytesIn.write("25a849e95bb8e8b4bf".decodeHex())
  }

     * @param bufferIndex the starting offset in the buffer
     * @param len the length of data to decode
     * @return the number of bytes decoded
     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs during decoding
     */
    public int decode(final byte[] buffer, int bufferIndex, final int len) throws IOException {
        final int start = bufferIndex;

        bufferIndex++; // revision
        bufferIndex++;

        Smb2IoctlResponse resp = new Smb2IoctlResponse(config);

        int read = resp.decode(packet, 0);
        assertTrue(read >= packet.length, "Decoded length should cover entire packet");
        assertNotNull(resp.getErrorData(), "Error data should be decoded");
        assertEquals(3, resp.getErrorData().length);
        assertEquals(2, resp.getErrorContextCount());

        when(messageBlock.decode(buffer, decodeIndex)).thenReturn(decodeLength);

        // When
        int encoded = messageBlock.encode(buffer, encodeIndex);
        int decoded = messageBlock.decode(buffer, decodeIndex);

        // Then
        assertEquals(encodeLength, encoded);
        assertEquals(decodeLength, decoded);
        verify(messageBlock).encode(buffer, encodeIndex);

     * Extracts and parses parameters from the request query string.
     * Applies the specified character encoding to decode parameter values.
     *
     * @param request the HTTP request containing the query string
     * @param enc the character encoding to use for decoding
     * @return a map of parameter names to their decoded values
     * @throws IOException if an error occurs during parameter parsing
     */

     * @param token the authorization data token
     * @param keys the Kerberos keys for decryption
     * @return a list of parsed authorization data
     * @throws PACDecodingException if the data cannot be decoded
     */
    public static List<KerberosAuthData> parse(int authType, byte[] token, Map<Integer, KerberosKey> keys) throws PACDecodingException {

        List<KerberosAuthData> authorizations = new ArrayList<>();