* character encoding} using {@link ByteSink#asCharSink(Charset)}. Characters written to the
 * resulting {@code CharSink} will written to the {@code ByteSink} as encoded bytes.
 *
 * @since 14.0
 * @author Colin Decker
 */
@J2ktIncompatible
@GwtIncompatible
@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault
public abstract class CharSink {

  /** Constructor for use by subclasses. */
  protected CharSink() {}

  /**

import java.util.List;
import junit.framework.TestCase;

/**
 * @param <S> the source or sink type
 * @param <T> the data type (byte[] or String)
 * @param <F> the factory type
 * @author Colin Decker
 */
@AndroidIncompatible // TODO(b/230620681): Make this available (even though we won't run it).
public class SourceSinkTester<S, T, F extends SourceSinkFactory<S, T>> extends TestCase {

  static final String LOREM_IPSUM =

import java.util.logging.Logger;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;

/**
 * Base test case class for I/O tests.
 *
 * @author Chris Nokleberg
 * @author Colin Decker
 */
public abstract class IoTestCase extends TestCase {

  private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(IoTestCase.class.getName());

  static final String I18N =

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.EnumSet;

/**
 * Tests for the default implementations of {@code ByteSink} methods.
 *
 * @author Colin Decker
 */
public class ByteSinkTest extends IoTestCase {

  private final byte[] bytes = newPreFilledByteArray(10000);

  private TestByteSink sink;

  @Override
  protected void setUp() throws Exception {

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.EnumSet;

/**
 * Tests for the default implementations of {@code ByteSink} methods.
 *
 * @author Colin Decker
 */
public class ByteSinkTest extends IoTestCase {

  private final byte[] bytes = newPreFilledByteArray(10000);

  private TestByteSink sink;

  @Override
  protected void setUp() throws Exception {

import static com.google.common.hash.Hashing.ChecksumType.CRC_32;

import java.util.zip.Checksum;
import junit.framework.TestCase;

/**
 * Tests for ChecksumHashFunction.
 *
 * @author Colin Decker
 */
public class ChecksumHashFunctionTest extends TestCase {

  public void testCrc32_equalsChecksumValue() throws Exception {
    assertChecksum(CRC_32, "");
    assertChecksum(CRC_32, "Z");

import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.util.Random;
import junit.framework.TestCase;

/**
 * Tests for AbstractByteHasher.
 *
 * @author Colin Decker
 */
public class AbstractByteHasherTest extends TestCase {

  public void testBytes() {
    TestHasher hasher = new TestHasher(); // byte order insignificant here
    byte[] expected = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8};

 * A generator of {@code TestSuite} instances for testing {@code CharSource} implementations.
 * Generates tests of all methods on a {@code CharSource} given various inputs the source is
 * expected to contain.
 *
 * @author Colin Decker
 */
@AndroidIncompatible // TODO(b/230620681): Make this available (even though we won't run it).
public class CharSourceTester extends SourceSinkTester<CharSource, String, CharSourceFactory> {

```

</div>

That would work for most of the cases. 😎

You could use that command for example to start your **FastAPI** app in a container, in a server, etc.

## ASGI Servers

Let's go a little deeper into the details.

FastAPI uses a standard for building Python web frameworks and servers called <abbr title="Asynchronous Server Gateway Interface">ASGI</abbr>. FastAPI is an ASGI web framework.

import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;

/**
 * Tests for {@link Subscriber}.
 *
 * @author Cliff Biffle
 * @author Colin Decker
 */
public class SubscriberTest extends TestCase {

  private static final Object FIXTURE_ARGUMENT = new Object();

  private EventBus bus;
  private boolean methodCalled;