// Add minimal SID data (S-1-1-0 - Everyone)
        testBuffer[8] = 0x01; // Revision
        testBuffer[9] = 0x01; // Sub-authority count
        testBuffer[10] = 0x00; // Identifier authority
        testBuffer[11] = 0x00;
        testBuffer[12] = 0x00;
        testBuffer[13] = 0x00;
        testBuffer[14] = 0x00;
        testBuffer[15] = 0x01;
        testBuffer[16] = 0x00; // Sub-authority
        testBuffer[17] = 0x00;

        // Verify that flags are set correctly (DCERPC_FIRST_FRAG | DCERPC_LAST_FRAG)
        // The actual values for DCERPC_FIRST_FRAG and DCERPC_LAST_FRAG are typically 0x01 and 0x02 respectively.
        int expectedFlags = 0x01 | 0x02; // DCERPC_FIRST_FRAG | DCERPC_LAST_FRAG
        assertEquals(expectedFlags, msrpcSamrOpenDomain.getFlags(), "flags should be initialized to DCERPC_FIRST_FRAG | DCERPC_LAST_FRAG");

     */
    static Stream<Arguments> encodeProvider() {
        return Stream.of(Arguments.of(new byte[0], ""), Arguments.of(new byte[] { (byte) 0x41 }, "QQ=="), // "A"
                Arguments.of(new byte[] { (byte) 0x41, (byte) 0x42 }, "QUI="), // "AB"
                Arguments.of("Man".getBytes(), "TWFu"), // 3 bytes, no padding

    }

    @Override
    protected int readParameterWordsWireFormat(final byte[] buffer, int bufferIndex) {
        final int start = bufferIndex;
        this.isLoggedInAsGuest = ((buffer[bufferIndex] & 0x01) == 0x01) == true;
        bufferIndex += 2;
        if (this.isExtendedSecurity()) {
            final int blobLength = SMBUtil.readInt2(buffer, bufferIndex);
            bufferIndex += 2;

        // Check encoded name (TEST -> encoded as pairs)
        // T = 0x54 -> upper nibble: 0x5 -> 0x46 (F), lower nibble: 0x4 -> 0x45 (E)
        assertEquals('F', dst[1]); // (0x54 >> 4) + 0x41 = 0x46 = 'F'
        assertEquals('E', dst[2]); // (0x54 & 0x0F) + 0x41 = 0x45 = 'E'

        // Check padding (positions 8-30 should be 'CA' pairs for spaces)
        for (int i = 8; i < 31; i += 2) {
            assertEquals('C', dst[i + 1]);

import jcifs.smb1.util.Hexdump;

class SmbComOpenAndX extends AndXServerMessageBlock {

    // flags (not the same as flags constructor argument)
    private static final int FLAGS_RETURN_ADDITIONAL_INFO = 0x01;
    private static final int FLAGS_REQUEST_OPLOCK = 0x02;
    private static final int FLAGS_REQUEST_BATCH_OPLOCK = 0x04;

    // Access Mode Encoding for desiredAccess

        // Set up the buffer with test data
        // sid (2 bytes)
        buffer[0] = 0x01;
        buffer[1] = 0x00;
        // numEntries (2 bytes)
        buffer[2] = 0x05;
        buffer[3] = 0x00;
        // isEndOfSearch (2 bytes, bit 0 of first byte)
        buffer[4] = 0x01; // end of search = true
        buffer[5] = 0x00;
        // eaErrorOffset (2 bytes)
        buffer[6] = 0x00;

            bufferIndex += 2;
        }
        this.setNumEntries(SMBUtil.readInt2(buffer, bufferIndex));
        bufferIndex += 2;
        this.isEndOfSearch = ((buffer[bufferIndex] & 0x01) == 0x01) == true;
        bufferIndex += 2;
        this.eaErrorOffset = SMBUtil.readInt2(buffer, bufferIndex);
        bufferIndex += 2;
        this.lastNameOffset = SMBUtil.readInt2(buffer, bufferIndex);

        byte[] data = new byte[] { 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04 };

        assertDoesNotThrow(() -> digest.update(data, 0, data.length));
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Test update method with zero length")
    void testUpdateWithZeroLength() {
        SMB1SigningDigest digest = new SMB1SigningDigest(testMacSigningKey);
        byte[] data = new byte[] { 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04 };

        buffer[offset] = 0x01; // revision
        buffer[offset + 1] = 0x01; // sub-authority count
        // Identifier authority (0x00-00-00-00-00-01)
        buffer[offset + 2] = 0x00;
        buffer[offset + 3] = 0x00;
        buffer[offset + 4] = 0x00;
        buffer[offset + 5] = 0x00;
        buffer[offset + 6] = 0x00;
        buffer[offset + 7] = 0x01;
        // Sub-authority