from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel, EmailStr

app = FastAPI()


class BaseUser(BaseModel):
    username: str
    email: EmailStr
    full_name: str | None = None


class UserIn(BaseUser):
    password: str


@app.post("/user/")
async def create_user(user: UserIn) -> BaseUser:

There are several custom response classes you can use to create an instance and return them directly from your *path operations*.

Read more about it in the [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/).

You can import them directly from `fastapi.responses`:

```python
from fastapi.responses import (
    FileResponse,
    HTMLResponse,
    JSONResponse,

from typing import Annotated

import pytest
from fastapi import FastAPI, Path
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/required-str/{p}")
async def read_required_str(p: Annotated[str, Path()]):
    return {"p": p}


@app.get("/required-alias/{p_alias}")
async def read_required_alias(p: Annotated[str, Path(alias="p_alias")]):
    return {"p": p}

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Body, FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str | None = None
    price: float
    tax: float | None = None


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(
    *,
    item_id: int,
    item: Annotated[
        Item,
        Body(
            examples=[
                {

from base64 import b64encode

from fastapi import FastAPI, Security
from fastapi.security import HTTPBasic, HTTPBasicCredentials
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

app = FastAPI()

security = HTTPBasic(realm="simple", description="HTTPBasic scheme")


@app.get("/users/me")
def read_current_user(credentials: HTTPBasicCredentials = Security(security)):
    return {"username": credentials.username, "password": credentials.password}

from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    tax: Union[float, None] = None
    tags: list[str] = []


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item):
    results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item}

from typing import Literal

from fastapi import FastAPI, Query
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field

app = FastAPI()


class FilterParams(BaseModel):
    limit: int = Field(100, gt=0, le=100)
    offset: int = Field(0, ge=0)
    order_by: Literal["created_at", "updated_at"] = "created_at"
    tags: list[str] = []


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(filter_query: FilterParams = Query()):

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel, EmailStr

app = FastAPI()


class UserIn(BaseModel):
    username: str
    password: str
    email: EmailStr
    full_name: str | None = None


# Don't do this in production!
@app.post("/user/")
async def create_user(user: UserIn) -> UserIn:

from typing import Annotated, Union

from fastapi import FastAPI, Query

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(q: Annotated[Union[str, None], Query(max_length=50)] = None):
    results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]}
    if q:
        results.update({"q": q})

from typing import Optional

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Optional[str] = None


app = FastAPI(separate_input_output_schemas=False)


@app.post("/items/")
def create_item(item: Item):
    return item


@app.get("/items/")
def read_items() -> list[Item]:
    return [
        Item(
            name="Portal Gun",