Sie können mehr Details unter [„Lifespan in Tests ausführen in der offiziellen Starlette-Dokumentation.“](https://www.starlette.dev/lifespan/#running-lifespan-in-tests) nachlesen.

Für die deprecateten Events <abbr title="Hochfahren">`startup`</abbr> und <abbr title="Herunterfahren">`shutdown`</abbr> können Sie den `TestClient` wie folgt verwenden:

## FastAPI 特性

**FastAPI** 提供了以下内容：

### 建立在開放標準的基礎上

* 使用 <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification" class="external-link" target="_blank"><strong>OpenAPI</strong></a> 來建立 API，包含<abbr title="path，也被叫做: endpoints, routes">路徑</abbr><abbr title="也叫做 HTTP 方法，例如 POST, GET, PUT, DELETE">操作</abbr>、參數、請求內文、安全性等聲明。

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/a", responses={"hello": {"description": "Not a valid additional response"}})
async def a():
    pass  # pragma: no cover


openapi_schema = {
    "openapi": "3.1.0",
    "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
    "paths": {
        "/a": {
            "get": {
                "responses": {
                    # this is how one would imagine the openapi schema to be

Die Statuscodes im Bereich 400 bedeuten hingegen, dass es einen Fehler seitens des Clients gab.

Erinnern Sie sich an all diese **„404 Not Found“** Fehler (und Witze)?

## `HTTPException` verwenden { #use-httpexception }

/// check | 检查

类型声明将为函数提供错误检查、代码补全等编辑器支持。

///

## 数据<abbr title="也称为：序列化、解析">转换</abbr>

运行示例并访问 <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/3" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/3</a>，返回的响应如下：

```JSON
{"item_id":3}
```

/// check | 检查

注意，函数接收并返回的值是 `3`（ `int`），不是 `"3"`（`str`）。

**FastAPI** 通过类型声明自动<abbr title="将来自 HTTP 请求中的字符串转换为 Python 数据类型">**解析**请求中的数据</abbr>。

///

## 数据校验

Neste caso, `item_id` é declarado como um `int`.

/// check | Verifique
Isso fornecerá suporte do editor dentro da sua função, com verificações de erros, preenchimento automático, etc.
///

## Dados <abbr title="também conhecido como: serialização, parsing, marshalling">conversão</abbr> { #data-conversion }

 * <p>
 * The extracted text is obtained from the nodes selected by the {@code targetNodePath} XPath expression.
 * The default value for {@code targetNodePath} is "//HTML/BODY | //@alt | //@title", which selects the body of the HTML document,
 * as well as the alt and title attributes.
 * </p>
 * <p>
 * The class uses {@link DOMParser} to parse HTML documents and {@link XPathAPI} to execute XPath queries.

        Map<String, MethodInfo> classMethodCache = METHOD_CACHE.computeIfAbsent(beanType, this::buildMethodCache);

        String title = Character.toTitleCase(propertyName.charAt(0)) + propertyName.substring(1);

        // Try setter first
        MethodInfo setter = classMethodCache.get("set" + title);
        if (setter != null && isMethodCompatible(setter.method, valueType)) {
            return setter;
        }

* `openapi_url`: the URL where the HTML page for the docs can get the OpenAPI schema for your API. You can use here the attribute `app.openapi_url`.
* `title`: the title of your API.
* `oauth2_redirect_url`: you can use `app.swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_url` here to use the default.

#### <abbr title="Yol: Path">Yol</abbr>

Burada "yol" bağlantıda bulunan ilk `/` ile başlayan ve sonrasında gelen kısmı ifade eder.

Yani, şu şekilde bir bağlantıda:

```
https://example.com/items/foo
```

... yol şöyle olur:

```
/items/foo
```

/// info | Bilgi