# テスト

<a href="https://www.starlette.io/testclient/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Starlette</a> のおかげで、**FastAPI** アプリケーションのテストは簡単で楽しいものになっています。

<a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">HTTPX</a> がベースなので、非常に使いやすく直感的です。

これを使用すると、**FastAPI** と共に <a href="https://docs.pytest.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">pytest</a> を直接利用できます。

## `TestClient` を使用

`TestClient` をインポートします。

   * shortcut for creating an empty list then calling {@link Iterables#addAll}.
   *
   * <p><b>Note:</b> if mutability is not required and the elements are non-null, use {@link
   * ImmutableList#copyOf(Iterable)} instead. (Or, change {@code elements} to be a {@link
   * FluentIterable} and call {@code elements.toList()}.)
   *
   * <p><b>Performance note:</b> {@link ArrayList} and {@link java.util.ArrayDeque} consistently

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;

/**
 * Factory and utility methods for {@link java.util.concurrent.Executor}, {@link ExecutorService},
 * and {@link java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory}.
 *
 * @author Eric Fellheimer
 * @author Kyle Littlefield
 * @author Justin Mahoney
 * @since 3.0
 */
@GwtCompatible(emulated = true)

 * }</pre>
 *
 * <p>Note that the behavior of {@link Range#isEmpty()} and {@link Range#isConnected(Range)} may not
 * be as expected on discrete ranges. See the Javadoc of those methods for details.
 *
 * <p>For a {@link Set} whose contents are specified by a {@link Range}, see {@link ContiguousSet}.
 *
 * <p>See the Guava User Guide article on <a href=

还有一个公共 <a href="https://hub.docker.com/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Docker Hub</a> ，其中包含预制的 **官方容器镜像**, 适用于许多工具、环境、数据库和应用程序。

例如，有一个官方的 <a href="https://hub.docker.com/_/python" class="external-link" target="_blank">Python 镜像</a>。

还有许多其他镜像用于不同的需要（例如数据库），例如：


* <a href="https://hub.docker.com/_/postgres" class="external-link" target="_blank">PostgreSQL</a>

import java.util.Set;
import java.util.Stack;
import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;

/**
 * Most of the logic for {@link IteratorTester} and {@link ListIteratorTester}.
 *
 * @param <E> the type of element returned by the iterator
 * @param <I> the type of the iterator ({@link Iterator} or {@link ListIterator})
 * @author Kevin Bourrillion
 * @author Chris Povirk
 */
@GwtCompatible
@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault

   * method provides a {@link Set} implementation corresponding to any {@link Map} implementation.
   * There is no need to use this method on a {@link Map} implementation that already has a
   * corresponding {@link Set} implementation (such as {@link java.util.HashMap} or {@link
   * java.util.TreeMap}).
   *

import java.io.DataInput;
import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.io.EOFException;
import java.io.FilterInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

/**
 * An implementation of {@link DataInput} that uses little-endian byte ordering for reading {@code
 * short}, {@code int}, {@code float}, {@code double}, and {@code long} values.
 *

    * <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/features/" class="external-link" target="_blank">**Et bien d'autres fonctionnalités**</a> comme la validation automatique, la sérialisation, l'authentification avec OAuth2 JWT tokens,...

   *
   * <ul>
   *   <li>Any {@link ExecutionException} has its <i>cause</i> wrapped in an {@code X} if the cause
   *       is a checked exception, an {@link UncheckedExecutionException} if the cause is a {@code
   *       RuntimeException}, or an {@link ExecutionError} if the cause is an {@code Error}.
   *   <li>Any {@link InterruptedException} is wrapped in an {@code X} (after restoring the