Use the `TestClient` object the same way as you do with `httpx`.

Write simple `assert` statements with the standard Python expressions that you need to check (again, standard `pytest`).

```Python hl_lines="2  12  15-18"
{!../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial001.py!}
```

/// tip

Notice that the testing functions are normal `def`, not `async def`.

Then we use the request directly, and extract the body as `bytes`. This means that FastAPI won't even try to parse the request payload as JSON.

And then in our code, we parse that YAML content directly, and then we are again using the same Pydantic model to validate the YAML content:

//// tab | Pydantic v2

```Python hl_lines="26-33"
{!> ../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial007.py!}
```

////

                            if (!downloaded) {
                                // prevent additional checks of this artifact until it expires again
                                destination.setLastModified(System.currentTimeMillis());
                            }
                        } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {

You actually don't have users that log in to your application but robots, bots, or other systems, that have just an access token? Again, it all works the same.

Just use any kind of model, any kind of class, any kind of database that you need for your application. **FastAPI** has you covered with the dependency injection system.

## Code size

* Convert the copied model to something that can be stored in your DB (for example, using the `jsonable_encoder`).
    * This is comparable to using the model's `.model_dump()` method again, but it makes sure (and converts) the values to data types that can be converted to JSON, for example, `datetime` to `str`.
* Save the data to your DB.
* Return the updated model.

//// tab | Python 3.10+

   * {@code next}. Once the implementation either invokes {@code endOfData} or throws an exception,
   * {@code computeNext} is guaranteed to never be called again.
   *
   * <p>If this method throws an exception, it will propagate outward to the {@code hasNext} or
   * {@code next} invocation that invoked this method. Any further attempts to use the iterator will

		b = append(b, c.Nonce...)
		return b, c.Algorithm
	}
	return b, kms.AES256
}

// ciphertext is a structure that contains the encrypted
// bytes and all relevant information to decrypt these
// bytes again with a cryptographic key.
type ciphertext struct {
	Algorithm kms.SecretKeyType
	ID        string
	IV        []byte
	Nonce     []byte
	Bytes     []byte
}

            assertThat(Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()).isFalse();
          }
        });

    // Run these together.
    fakePool.runAll();

    // Check that this thread has been marked as interrupted again now that the thread has been
    // returned by SequentialExecutor. Clear the bit while checking so that the test doesn't hose
    // JUnit or some other test case.
    assertThat(Thread.interrupted()).isTrue();
  }

Envoy has stopped requested them; if there are no subscriptions they update will be ignored. If Envoy later watches these certificates again,
a new one will be generated on demand.

## Configuration

| Variable | Description |
| - | - |
|CA_ADDR|Address of CA, defaults to discoveryAddress|

    * E.g., `await myfile.seek(0)` would go to the start of the file.
    * This is especially useful if you run `await myfile.read()` once and then need to read the contents again.
* `close()`: Closes the file.

As all these methods are `async` methods, you need to "await" them.

For example, inside of an `async` *path operation function* you can get the contents with:

```Python