}

  /**
   * Retrieves the result of a {@code Future} known to be done but uses the {@code get(long,
   * TimeUnit)} overload in order to test that method.
   */
  static <V extends @Nullable Object> V getDoneFromTimeoutOverload(Future<V> future)
      throws ExecutionException {
    checkState(future.isDone(), "Future was expected to be done: %s", future);
    try {
      return getUninterruptibly(future, 0, SECONDS);

    )
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {
        "item_id": 123,
        "name": "Foo",
        "price": 50.1,
        "description": None,
        "tax": None,
    }


def test_put_with_no_data(client: TestClient):
    response = client.put("/items/123", json={})
    assert response.status_code == 422
    assert response.json() == {
        "detail": [

public interface LlmStreamCallback {

    /**
     * Called for each chunk of the streaming response.
     *
     * @param chunk the text chunk from the LLM response
     * @param done true if this is the final chunk
     */
    void onChunk(String chunk, boolean done);

    /**
     * Called when an error occurs during streaming.
     *
     * @param error the error that occurred
     */
    default void onError(final Throwable error) {

app = FastAPI()

security = HTTPBase(scheme="Other", auto_error=False)


@app.get("/users/me")
def read_current_user(
    credentials: HTTPAuthorizationCredentials | None = Security(security),
):
    if credentials is None:
        return {"msg": "Create an account first"}
    return {"scheme": credentials.scheme, "credentials": credentials.credentials}


client = TestClient(app)

        "name": "Baz",
        "description": None,
        "price": 50.2,
        "tax": 10.5,
        "tags": [],
    }


def test_put(client: TestClient):
    response = client.put(
        "/items/bar", json={"name": "Barz", "price": 3, "description": None}
    )
    assert response.json() == {
        "name": "Barz",
        "description": None,
        "price": 3,
        "tax": 10.5,

/// note | Nota

O FastAPI saberá que o valor de `q` não é obrigatório por causa do valor padrão `= None`.

O `str | None` não é utilizado pelo FastAPI para determinar que o valor não é obrigatório, ele saberá que não é obrigatório porque tem um valor padrão `= None`.

Mas adicionar as anotações de tipo permitirá ao seu editor oferecer um suporte melhor e detectar erros.

///

    responses={
        200: {
            "content": {"image/png": {}},
            "description": "Return the JSON item or an image.",
        }
    },
)
async def read_item(item_id: str, img: bool | None = None):
    if img:
        return FileResponse("image.png", media_type="image/png")
    else:

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI

app = FastAPI()


fake_items_db = [{"item_name": "Foo"}, {"item_name": "Bar"}, {"item_name": "Baz"}]


class CommonQueryParams:
    def __init__(self, q: str | None = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100):
        self.q = q
        self.skip = skip
        self.limit = limit


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(commons=Depends(CommonQueryParams)):
    response = {}
    if commons.q:

async def read_items(
    item_id: UUID,
    start_datetime: Annotated[datetime, Body()],
    end_datetime: Annotated[datetime, Body()],
    process_after: Annotated[timedelta, Body()],
    repeat_at: Annotated[time | None, Body()] = None,
):
    start_process = start_datetime + process_after
    duration = end_datetime - start_process
    return {
        "item_id": item_id,
        "start_datetime": start_datetime,

Ihr Responsemodell könnte Defaultwerte haben, wie:

{* ../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial004_py310.py hl[9,11:12] *}

* `description: Union[str, None] = None` (oder `str | None = None` in Python 3.10) hat einen Defaultwert `None`.
* `tax: float = 10.5` hat einen Defaultwert `10.5`.
* `tags: List[str] = []` hat eine leere Liste als Defaultwert: `[]`.