/// info

In Pydantic version 1 the configuration was done in an internal class `Config`, in Pydantic version 2 it's done in an attribute `model_config`. This attribute takes a `dict`, and to get autocompletion and inline errors you can import and use `SettingsConfigDict` to define that `dict`.

///

Here we define the config `env_file` inside of your Pydantic `Settings` class, and set the value to the filename with the dotenv file we want to use.

```Python hl_lines="5-9"
{!../../docs_src/body/tutorial001.py!}
```

クエリパラメータの宣言と同様に、モデル属性がデフォルト値をもつとき、必須な属性ではなくなります。それ以外は必須になります。オプショナルな属性にしたい場合は `None` を使用してください。

例えば、上記のモデルは以下の様なJSON「`オブジェクト`」(もしくはPythonの `dict` ) を宣言しています:

```JSON
{
    "name": "Foo",
    "description": "An optional description",
    "price": 45.2,
    "tax": 3.5
}
```

```

////

Nesse caso, existem 3 parâmetros de consulta:

* `needy`, um `str` obrigatório.
* `skip`, um `int` com o valor padrão `0`.
* `limit`, um `int` opcional.

/// tip | "Dica"

Você também poderia usar `Enum` da mesma forma que com [Path Parameters](path-params.md#valores-predefinidos){.internal-link target=_blank}.

Doch dann versuchen es die Angreifer mit dem Benutzernamen `stanleyjobsox` und dem Passwort `love123`.

Und Ihr Anwendungscode macht etwa Folgendes:

```Python
if "stanleyjobsox" == "stanleyjobson" and "love123" == "swordfish":

### 简洁

任何类型都有合理的**默认值**，任何和地方都有可选配置。所有的参数被微调，来满足你的需求，定义成你需要的 API。

但是默认情况下，一切都能**“顺利工作”**。

### 验证

* 校验大部分（甚至所有？）的 Python **数据类型**，包括：
    * JSON 对象 (`dict`).
    * JSON 数组 (`list`) 定义成员类型。
    * 字符串 (`str`) 字段, 定义最小或最大长度。
    * 数字 (`int`, `float`) 有最大值和最小值， 等等。

* 校验外来类型， 比如:
    * URL.
    * Email.
    * UUID.
    * ...及其他.

* `500` e acima são para erros do servidor. Você quase nunca os usa diretamente. Quando algo der errado em alguma parte do código do seu aplicativo ou servidor, ele retornará automaticamente um desses códigos de status.

/// tip | "Dica"

{* ../../docs_src/events/tutorial001.py hl[8] *}

In this case, the `startup` event handler function will initialize the items "database" (just a `dict`) with some values.

You can add more than one event handler function.

And your application won't start receiving requests until all the `startup` event handlers have completed.

### `shutdown` event

/// tip | "Tipp"

Darüber hinaus handelt es sich bei einem Hintergrundtask normalerweise um einen unabhängigen Satz von Logik, der separat behandelt werden sollte, mit eigenen Ressourcen (z. B. einer eigenen Datenbankverbindung).

Auf diese Weise erhalten Sie wahrscheinlich saubereren Code.

///

{!../../docs_src/security/tutorial005.py!}
```

🔜 ➡️ 📄 👈 🔀 🔁 🔁.

## Oauth2️⃣ 💂‍♂ ⚖

🥇 🔀 👈 🔜 👥 📣 Oauth2️⃣ 💂‍♂ ⚖ ⏮️ 2️⃣ 💪 ↔, `me` & `items`.

`scopes` 🔢 📨 `dict` ⏮️ 🔠 ↔ 🔑 & 📛 💲:

```Python hl_lines="62-65"
{!../../docs_src/security/tutorial005.py!}
```

↩️ 👥 🔜 📣 📚 ↔, 👫 🔜 🎦 🆙 🛠️ 🩺 🕐❔ 👆 🕹-/✔.

& 👆 🔜 💪 🖊 ❔ ↔ 👆 💚 🤝 🔐: `me` & `items`.

```Python hl_lines="8"
{!> ../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_04_py310.py!}
```

////

...👉 ❌ ↩️ 🆎 ✍ 🚫 Pydantic 🆎 & 🚫 👁 `Response` 🎓 ⚖️ 🏿, ⚫️ 🇪🇺 (🙆 2️⃣) 🖖 `Response` & `dict`.

### ❎ 📨 🏷

▶️ ⚪️➡️ 🖼 🔛, 👆 5️⃣📆 🚫 💚 ✔️ 🔢 💽 🔬, 🧾, 🖥, ♒️. 👈 🎭 FastAPI.

✋️ 👆 💪 💚 🚧 📨 🆎 ✍ 🔢 🤚 🐕‍🦺 ⚪️➡️ 🧰 💖 👨‍🎨 & 🆎 ☑ (✅ ✍).

👉 💼, 👆 💪 ❎ 📨 🏷 ⚡ ⚒ `response_model=None`: