import okio.ByteString.Companion.toByteString

/**
 * Constrains which certificates are trusted. Pinning certificates defends against attacks on
 * certificate authorities. It also prevents connections through man-in-the-middle certificate
 * authorities either known or unknown to the application's user.
 * This class currently pins a certificate's Subject Public Key Info as described on

    // Test that listeners added both before and after the value is available
    // get called correctly.
    for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {

      // Right in the middle start up a thread to close the latch.
      if (i == 10) {
        new Thread(() -> latch.countDown()).start();
      }

      future.addListener(listenerLatch::countDown, exec);
    }

``` hl_lines="5"
.
├── app
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── main.py
│   └── test_main.py
```

Como esse arquivo está no mesmo pacote, você pode usar importações relativas para importar o objeto `app` do módulo `main` (`main.py`):

{* ../../docs_src/app_testing/app_a_py39/test_main.py hl[3] *}

...e ter o código para os testes como antes.

## Testando: exemplo estendido { #testing-extended-example }

Imaginemos que cargar el modelo puede **tomar bastante tiempo**, porque tiene que leer muchos **datos del disco**. Entonces no quieres hacerlo para cada request.

Podrías cargarlo en el nivel superior del módulo/archivo, pero eso también significaría que **cargaría el modelo** incluso si solo estás ejecutando una simple prueba automatizada, entonces esa prueba sería **lenta** porque tendría que esperar a que el modelo se cargue antes de poder ejecutar una parte independiente del código.

<span style="color: green;">INFO</span>:     Application startup complete.
```

</div>

/// note | Not

`uvicorn main:app` komutunu şu şekilde açıklayabiliriz:

* `main`: dosya olan `main.py` (yani Python "modülü").
* `app`: ise `main.py` dosyasının içerisinde `app = FastAPI()` satırında oluşturduğumuz `FastAPI` nesnesi.

        assertEquals(Path.of("src/main/resources2").toString(), resources.get(1).getDirectory());
        assertEquals(Path.of("src/main/resources3").toString(), resources.get(2).getDirectory());

        // Modify the middle resource
        resources.get(1).addInclude("*.properties");

        // Verify order is preserved after modification
        List<Resource> resourcesAfter = project.getResources();

Sie könnten das auf der obersten Ebene des Moduls/der Datei machen, aber das würde auch bedeuten, dass **das Modell geladen wird**, selbst wenn Sie nur einen einfachen automatisierten Test ausführen, dann wäre dieser Test **langsam**, weil er warten müsste, bis das Modell geladen ist, bevor er einen davon unabhängigen Teil des Codes ausführen könnte.

TensorFlow
[**models**](https://developers.google.com/machine-learning/glossary/#model) (to
use a term commonly used by machine learning practitioners) are expressed as
programs that TensorFlow executes. TensorFlow programs are encoded as
computation
[**graphs**](https://developers.google.com/machine-learning/glossary/#graph).
Since models are practically programs that TensorFlow executes, using untrusted

from .routers import items, users
```

第二个版本是「绝对导入」：

```Python
from app.routers import items, users
```

要了解有关 Python 包和模块的更多信息，请查阅<a href="https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/modules.html" class="external-link" target="_blank">关于 Modules 的 Python 官方文档</a>。

///

### 避免名称冲突

我们将直接导入 `items` 子模块，而不是仅导入其 `router` 变量。

这是因为我们在 `users` 子模块中也有另一个名为 `router` 的变量。

如果我们一个接一个地导入，例如：

```Python

  }

  @ListFeature.Require(SUPPORTS_ADD_WITH_INDEX)
  @CollectionSize.Require(absent = {ZERO, ONE})
  public void testAddAllAtIndex_middle() {
    assertTrue(
        "addAll(middle, disjoint) should return true",
        getList().addAll(getNumElements() / 2, createDisjointCollection()));
    expectAdded(getNumElements() / 2, createDisjointCollection());
  }