return this;
    }

    private void add(@Nullable Object[] elements, int n) {
      ensureRoomFor(n);
      /*
       * The following call is not statically checked, since arraycopy accepts plain Object for its
       * parameters. If it were statically checked, the checker would still be OK with it, since
       * we're copying into a `contents` array whose type allows it to contain nulls. Still, it's

     *
     * <p><b>Note:</b> in general, code should assume that the string form returned by {@code
     * ToStringHelper} for a given object may change. In particular, the list of types which are
     * checked for emptiness is subject to change. We currently check {@code CharSequence}s, {@code
     * Collection}s, {@code Map}s, optionals (including Guava's), and arrays.
     *
     * @since 33.4.0
     */

      (a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
          Derivative Works a copy of this License; and

      (b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
          stating that You changed the files; and

      (c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
          that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and
          attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,

        byte[] data = new byte[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
        InputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(concat(messageHeader(5), data));
        SocketInputStream sis = new SocketInputStream(in);

        // Read in chunks
        byte[] buffer = new byte[10];

        // The read will either:
        // 1. Successfully read all 5 bytes
        // 2. Throw IOException if it tries to read past the message
        try {

      streamId = source.readInt() and 0x7fffffff
      if (type != TYPE_CONTINUATION) throw IOException("$type != TYPE_CONTINUATION")
      if (streamId != previousStreamId) throw IOException("TYPE_CONTINUATION streamId changed")
    }
  }

  interface Handler {
    @Throws(IOException::class)
    fun data(
      inFinished: Boolean,
      streamId: Int,
      source: BufferedSource,
      length: Int,
    )

            throws XmlPullParserException, IOException {
        // strictXmlAttributes = true for model: if strict == true, not only elements are checked but attributes too
        if (strict) {
            throw new XmlPullParserException(
                    "Unknown attribute '" + attribute + "' for tag '" + tagName + "'", parser, null);
        }

    };

    abstract Equivalence<Object> defaultEquivalence();
  }

  /**
   * Implementation for the EntryIterator, which is used to build Key and Value iterators.
   *
   * <p>Expiration is only checked on hasNext(), so as to ensure that a next() call never returns
   * null when hasNext() has already been called.
   */
  private final class EntryIterator implements Iterator<Entry<K, V>> {

    int nextPowerOfTwo = 1 << (bits - 1);

    // Iteratively multiply the longs as big as they can go.
    for (long num = startingNumber; num <= n; num++) {
      // Check to see if the floor(log2(num)) + 1 has changed.
      if ((num & nextPowerOfTwo) != 0) {
        nextPowerOfTwo <<= 1;
        bits++;
      }
      // Get rid of the 2s in num.
      int tz = Long.numberOfTrailingZeros(num);

      (a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
          Derivative Works a copy of this License; and

      (b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
          stating that You changed the files; and

      (c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
          that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and
          attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,

   */
  protected abstract char @Nullable [] escape(int cp);

  /**
   * Returns the escaped form of a given literal string.
   *
   * <p>If you are escaping input in arbitrary successive chunks, then it is not generally safe to
   * use this method. If an input string ends with an unmatched high surrogate character, then this
   * method will throw {@link IllegalArgumentException}. You should ensure your input is valid <a