# Concurrencia y async / await

Detalles sobre la sintaxis `async def` para *path operation functions* y un poco de información sobre código asíncrono, concurrencia y paralelismo.

## ¿Tienes prisa?

<abbr title="too long; didn't read"><strong>TL;DR:</strong></abbr>

Si estás utilizando libraries de terceros que te dicen que las llames con `await`, del tipo:

```Python
results = await some_library()
```

abstract class ForwardingCondition implements Condition {
  abstract Condition delegate();

  @Override
  public void await() throws InterruptedException {
    delegate().await();
  }

  @Override
  public boolean await(long time, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException {
    return delegate().await(time, unit);
  }

  @Override
  public void awaitUninterruptibly() {
    delegate().awaitUninterruptibly();
  }

</html>
"""


@app.get("/")
async def get():
    return HTMLResponse(html)


@app.websocket("/ws")
async def websocket_endpoint(websocket: WebSocket):
    await websocket.accept()
    while True:
        data = await websocket.receive_text()

    exit_limiter = CapacityLimiter(1)
    try:
        yield await run_in_threadpool(cm.__enter__)
    except Exception as e:
        ok = bool(
            await anyio.to_thread.run_sync(
                cm.__exit__, type(e), e, None, limiter=exit_limiter
            )
        )
        if not ok:
            raise e
    else:
        await anyio.to_thread.run_sync(

            try {
              proceed.await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
            } catch (e: InterruptedException) {
              throw RuntimeException(e)
            }
            chain.proceed(chain.request())
          },
        )
        .build()
    val t1 = makeSynchronousCall(client.newCall(newRequest("http://a/3")))
    ready.await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
    executor.finishJob("http://a/2")

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/")
async def read_main():
    return {"msg": "Hello World"}


@app.websocket("/ws")
async def websocket(websocket: WebSocket):
    await websocket.accept()
    await websocket.send_json({"msg": "Hello WebSocket"})
    await websocket.close()


def test_read_main():
    client = TestClient(app)
    response = client.get("/")
    assert response.status_code == 200

* `read(size)`：按指定数量的字节或字符（`size` (`int`)）读取文件内容；
* `seek(offset)`：移动至文件 `offset` （`int`）字节处的位置；
    * 例如，`await myfile.seek(0) ` 移动到文件开头；
    * 执行 `await myfile.read()` 后，需再次读取已读取内容时，这种方法特别好用；
* `close()`：关闭文件。

因为上述方法都是 `async` 方法，要搭配「await」使用。

例如，在 `async` *路径操作函数* 内，要用以下方式读取文件内容：

```Python
contents = await myfile.read()
```

在普通 `def` *路径操作函数*  内，则可以直接访问 `UploadFile.file`，例如：

```Python

  /** Invokes {@code latch.}{@link CountDownLatch#await() await()} uninterruptibly. */
  @J2ktIncompatible
  @GwtIncompatible // concurrency
  public static void awaitUninterruptibly(CountDownLatch latch) {
    boolean interrupted = false;
    try {
      while (true) {
        try {
          latch.await();
          return;
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {

async function getDataBatch(page) {
    const response = await fetch(`https://api.github.com/search/repositories?q=topic:fastapi&per_page=100&page=${page}`, { headers: { Accept: 'application/vnd.github.mercy-preview+json' } })
    const data = await response.json()
    return data
}

async function getData() {
    let page = 1
    let data = []
    let dataBatch = await getDataBatch(page)
    data = data.concat(dataBatch.items)

results = await some_library()
```
Alors, déclarez vos *fonctions de chemins* avec `async def` comme ceci :

```Python hl_lines="2"
@app.get('/')
async def read_results():
    results = await some_library()
    return results
```

/// note

Vous pouvez uniquement utiliser `await` dans les fonctions créées avec `async def`.

///

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