This is very useful when you need to:

* Have shared logic (the same code logic again and again).
* Share database connections.
* Enforce security, authentication, role requirements, etc.
* And many other things...

All these, while minimizing code repetition.

## First Steps { #first-steps }

  }

  // TODO(b/172823566): Use mainline testToImmutableSortedSet once CollectorTester is usable.
  public void testToImmutableSortedSet_java7() {
    // Note that a Collector should generally enforce consistent comparator between builders
    ImmutableSortedSet.Builder<String> zis =
        ImmutableSortedSet.<String>naturalOrder().add("c", "b", "c");
    ImmutableSortedSet.Builder<String> zat =

And the more exotic ones:

* `@app.options()`
* `@app.head()`
* `@app.patch()`
* `@app.trace()`

/// tip

You are free to use each operation (HTTP method) as you wish.

**FastAPI** doesn't enforce any specific meaning.

The information here is presented as a guideline, not a requirement.

For example, when using GraphQL you normally perform all the actions using only `POST` operations.

///

            assertEquals(Long.MAX_VALUE, capacity);
            assertEquals(Long.MAX_VALUE, free);

            // Note: In real implementation, free > capacity might be invalid,
            // but interface doesn't enforce this constraint
        }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should handle typical file system sizes")
        void shouldHandleTypicalFileSystemSizes() {
            // Test common file system sizes

   * We get plan3 as a retry of plan0, which was canceled when it lost the race.
   *
   * This test confirms that we prefer to do the TLS follow-up (plan2) before the TCP retry (plan3).
   * It also confirms we enforce the 250 ms delay in each race.
   */
  @Test
  fun tcpConnectionsRaceAfterTlsFails() {
    val plan0 = routePlanner.addPlan()
    plan0.tcpConnectDelayNanos = 280.ms

    val plan1 = routePlanner.addPlan()

        int len;
        try {
            while ((len = reader.read(buf, size, bufferSize - size)) != -1) {
                size += len;
                if (size == bufferSize) {
                    // Enforce MAX_BUF_SIZE to prevent unbounded memory growth
                    final int newBufferSize = bufferSize + initialCapacity;
                    if (newBufferSize > MAX_BUF_SIZE) {

But OAuth2 with scopes can be nicely integrated into your API (with OpenAPI) and your API docs.

Nevertheless, you still enforce those scopes, or any other security/authorization requirement, however you need, in your code.

In many cases, OAuth2 with scopes can be an overkill.

But if you know you need it, or you are curious, keep reading.

///

   *
   * <p>This is useful when a varargs method needs to use a signature such as {@code (Foo firstFoo,
   * Foo... moreFoos)}, in order to avoid overload ambiguity or to enforce a minimum argument count.
   *
   * <p>The returned list is serializable and implements {@link RandomAccess}.
   *
   * @param first the first element
   * @param rest an array of additional elements, possibly empty

 * {@code long} values. When possible, it is recommended that the {@link UnsignedLong} wrapper class
 * be used, at a small efficiency penalty, to enforce the distinction in the type system.
 *
 * <p>See the Guava User Guide article on <a
 * href="https://github.com/google/guava/wiki/PrimitivesExplained#unsigned-support">unsigned
 * primitive utilities</a>.
 *

                The OAuth2 spec says it is required and MUST be the fixed string
                "password". Nevertheless, this dependency class is permissive and
                allows not passing it. If you want to enforce it, use instead the
                `OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict` dependency.
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        username: Annotated[
            str,
            Form(),