- Contains well-written, logical commits explaining *why* changes were made (e.g., “Add S3 bucket tagging support so that users can organize resources efficiently”).
- Is small, focused, and easy to review—ideally one commit, unless multiple commits better narrate complex work.

                  }
                });

    // To start, fill up the cache.
    // Each miss both increments the counter and causes the map to grow by one,
    // so until evictions begin, the size of the map is the greatest return
    // value seen so far
    while (cache.getUnchecked(nextRandomKey()) < maximumSize) {}

    requests.set(0);
    misses.set(0);
  }

  @Benchmark
  int time(int reps) {

     *       cleared, we know that we're not executing inline any more
     * </ul>
     *
     * All the states where thread != currentThread are identical for our purposes, and so even
     * though it's racy, we don't care which of those values we get, so no need to synchronize.
     */
    @LazyInit @Nullable Thread thread;

    /** Only used by the thread associated with this object */
    @Nullable Runnable nextTask;

Then with `random.choice()` we can get a **random value** from the list, so, we get a tuple with `(id, name)`. It will be something like `("imdb-tt0371724", "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy")`.

Then we **assign those two values** of the tuple to the variables `id` and `name`.

So, if the user didn't provide an item ID, they will still receive a random suggestion.

The `password` "flow" is one of the ways ("flows") defined in OAuth2, to handle security and authentication.

OAuth2 was designed so that the backend or API could be independent of the server that authenticates the user.

But in this case, the same **FastAPI** application will handle the API and the authentication.

So, let's review it from that simplified point of view:

* The user types the `username` and `password` in the frontend, and hits `Enter`.

// UnmarshalJSON - decodes JSON data.
func (a *Args) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
	// subtype to avoid recursive call to UnmarshalJSON()
	type subArgs Args
	var so subArgs

	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &so); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	oa := Args(so)
	if oa.URL == nil || oa.URL.String() == "" {
		*a = oa
		return nil
	}

	*a = oa
	return nil
}

</div>

then the internal variable `__name__` in your file, created automatically by Python, will have as value the string `"__main__"`.

So, the section:

```Python
    uvicorn.run(app, host="0.0.0.0", port=8000)
```

will run.

---

This won't happen if you import that module (file).

So, if you have another file `importer.py` with:

```Python
from myapp import app

# Some more code
```

      // the operation would be a no-op, so exceptions are allowed but not required
    }
    expectUnchanged();
  }

  @MapFeature.Require(absent = SUPPORTS_PUT)
  public void testReplaceEntry_unsupportedAbsentKey() {
    try {
      getMap().replace(k3(), v3(), v4());
    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException tolerated) {
      // the operation would be a no-op, so exceptions are allowed but not required
    }

      <lineEnding>dos</lineEnding>
    </fileSet>
    <fileSet>
      <directory>target/dependency/org/jline/nativ</directory>
      <outputDirectory>lib/jline-native</outputDirectory>
      <includes>
        <include>**/*.so</include>
        <include>**/*.jnilib</include>
        <include>**/*.dll</include>
      </includes>
    </fileSet>
	<fileSet>
      <directory>src/assembly/maven/bin</directory>

Up to now, you have been declaring the parts of the request that you need with their types.

Taking data from:

* The path as parameters.
* Headers.
* Cookies.
* etc.

And by doing so, **FastAPI** is validating that data, converting it and generating documentation for your API automatically.

But there are situations where you might need to access the `Request` object directly.