app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/users/{user_id}/items/{item_id}")
async def read_user_item(
    user_id: int, item_id: str, q: str | None = None, short: bool = False
):
    item = {"item_id": item_id, "owner_id": user_id}
    if q:
        item.update({"q": q})
    if not short:
        item.update(
            {"description": "This is an amazing item that has a long description"}
        )

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/users/{user_id}/items/{item_id}")
async def read_user_item(
    user_id: int, item_id: str, q: Union[str, None] = None, short: bool = False
):
    item = {"item_id": item_id, "owner_id": user_id}
    if q:
        item.update({"q": q})
    if not short:
        item.update(
            {"description": "This is an amazing item that has a long description"}
        )

この場合、以下にアクセスすると:

```
http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=1
```

もしくは、

```
http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=True
```

もしくは、

```
http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=true
```

もしくは、

```
http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=on
```

もしくは、

```
http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=yes
```

    assertEquals(Byte.valueOf((byte) 0), ArbitraryInstances.get(Byte.class));
    assertEquals(Short.valueOf((short) 0), ArbitraryInstances.get(short.class));
    assertEquals(Short.valueOf((short) 0), ArbitraryInstances.get(Short.class));
    assertEquals(Integer.valueOf(0), ArbitraryInstances.get(int.class));
    assertEquals(Integer.valueOf(0), ArbitraryInstances.get(Integer.class));

    hasher.putLong(0x0000000001000101L);
    assertEquals(hashCode, hasher.hash().asLong());

    hasher = HASH_FN.newHasher();
    hasher
        .putShort((short) 0x0101)
        .putShort((short) 0x0100)
        .putShort((short) 0x0000)
        .putShort((short) 0x0000);
    assertEquals(hashCode, hasher.hash().asLong());
  }

  public void testHashFloatIsStable() {
    // Just a spot check.  Better than nothing.

		// passing in valid object name.
		{"object", 37},
		{"The Shining Script <v1>.pdf", 38},
		{"Cost Benefit Analysis (2009-2010).pptx", 59},
		{"117Gn8rfHL2ACARPAhaFd0AGzic9pUbIA/5OCn5A", 35},
		{"SHØRT", 49},
		{"There are far too many object names, and far too few bucket names!", 8},
		{"a/b/c/", 159},
		{"/a/b/c", 96},
		{string([]byte{0xff, 0xfe, 0xfd}), 147},
	}

	// Tests hashing order to be consistent.

            .addValue((byte) 3)
            .add(SHORT_NAME, 'A')
            .add(LONG_NAME, 'B')
            .addValue('C')
            .add(SHORT_NAME, (short) 4)
            .add(LONG_NAME, (short) 5)
            .addValue((short) 6)
            .add(SHORT_NAME, 7)
            .add(LONG_NAME, 8)
            .addValue(9)
            .add(SHORT_NAME, 10L)
            .add(LONG_NAME, 11L)

    hasher.putLong(0x0000000001000101L);
    assertEquals(hashCode, hasher.hash().asLong());

    hasher = HASH_FN.newHasher();
    hasher
        .putShort((short) 0x0101)
        .putShort((short) 0x0100)
        .putShort((short) 0x0000)
        .putShort((short) 0x0000);
    assertEquals(hashCode, hasher.hash().asLong());
  }

  public void testHashFloatIsStable() {

    add(primToWrap, wrapToPrim, float.class, Float.class);
    add(primToWrap, wrapToPrim, int.class, Integer.class);
    add(primToWrap, wrapToPrim, long.class, Long.class);
    add(primToWrap, wrapToPrim, short.class, Short.class);
    add(primToWrap, wrapToPrim, void.class, Void.class);

    PRIMITIVE_TO_WRAPPER_TYPE = Collections.unmodifiableMap(primToWrap);
    WRAPPER_TO_PRIMITIVE_TYPE = Collections.unmodifiableMap(wrapToPrim);
  }

import java.io.FilterOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;

/**
 * An implementation of {@link DataOutput} that uses little-endian byte ordering for writing {@code
 * char}, {@code short}, {@code int}, {@code float}, {@code double}, and {@code long} values.
 *
 * <p><b>Note:</b> This class intentionally violates the specification of its supertype {@code
 * DataOutput}, which explicitly requires big-endian byte order.