* method is not called before attempting to create an SMB URL with the
     * URL class the following exception will occur:
     * <blockquote>
     * 
     * <pre>
     * Exception MalformedURLException: unknown protocol: smb
     *     at java.net.URL.&lt;init&gt;(URL.java:480)
     *     at java.net.URL.&lt;init&gt;(URL.java:376)
     *     at java.net.URL.&lt;init&gt;(URL.java:330)

from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI, Query

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(
    q: Union[str, None] = Query(
        default=None,
        title="Query string",
        description="Query string for the items to search in the database that have a good match",
        min_length=3,
    ),
):
    results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]}
    if q:

            return convertWildcardQuery(context, wildcardQuery, boost);
        }
        throw new InvalidQueryException(messages -> messages.addErrorsInvalidQueryUnknown(UserMessages.GLOBAL_PROPERTY_KEY),
                "Unknown q: " + query.getClass() + " => " + query);
    }

    protected QueryBuilder convertWildcardQuery(final QueryContext context, final WildcardQuery wildcardQuery, final float boost) {

```

////

#### `Union` বা `Optional` ব্যবহার

যদি আপনি Python 3.10-এর নীচের সংস্করণ ব্যবহার করেন, তবে এখানে আমার খুবই **ব্যক্তিগত** দৃষ্টিভঙ্গি থেকে একটি টিপস:

* 🚨 `Optional[SomeType]` ব্যবহার এড়িয়ে চলুন।
* এর পরিবর্তে ✨ **`Union[SomeType, None]` ব্যবহার করুন** ✨।

from typing import Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
from typing_extensions import Annotated

app = FastAPI()


async def common_parameters(
    q: Union[str, None] = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100
):
    return {"q": q, "skip": skip, "limit": limit}


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(commons: Annotated[dict, Depends(common_parameters)]):
    return commons


@app.get("/users/")

from typing import List, Union

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None


app = FastAPI(separate_input_output_schemas=False)


@app.post("/items/")
def create_item(item: Item):
    return item


@app.get("/items/")
def read_items() -> List[Item]:
    return [
        Item(
            name="Portal Gun",

from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/users/{user_id}/items/{item_id}")
async def read_user_item(
    user_id: int, item_id: str, q: Union[str, None] = None, short: bool = False
):
    item = {"item_id": item_id, "owner_id": user_id}
    if q:
        item.update({"q": q})
    if not short:
        item.update(

from datetime import datetime, time, timedelta
from typing import Union
from uuid import UUID

from fastapi import Body, FastAPI

app = FastAPI()


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def read_items(
    item_id: UUID,
    start_datetime: datetime = Body(),
    end_datetime: datetime = Body(),
    process_after: timedelta = Body(),
    repeat_at: Union[time, None] = Body(default=None),
):

```

////

#### Gebruik van `Union` of `Optional`

Als je een Python versie lager dan 3.10 gebruikt, is dit een tip vanuit mijn **subjectieve** standpunt:

* 🚨 Vermijd het gebruik van `Optional[EenType]`.
* Gebruik in plaats daarvan **`Union[EenType, None]`** ✨.

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