from typing import Any, Callable

from starlette.background import BackgroundTasks as StarletteBackgroundTasks
from typing_extensions import Annotated, Doc, ParamSpec

P = ParamSpec("P")


class BackgroundTasks(StarletteBackgroundTasks):
    """
    A collection of background tasks that will be called after a response has been
    sent to the client.

    Read more about it in the

from typing import Annotated, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"

from typing import Optional

from dirty_equals import IsDict
from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

app = FastAPI()


@app.get(
    "/",
    openapi_extra={
        "parameters": [
            {
                "required": False,
                "schema": {"title": "Extra Param 1"},
                "name": "extra_param_1",
                "in": "query",
            },
            {

from typing import Optional

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, Query, status
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

app = FastAPI()


def _get_client_key(client_id: str = Query(...)) -> str:
    return f"{client_id}_key"


def _get_client_tag(client_id: Optional[str] = Query(None)) -> Optional[str]:
    if client_id is None:
        return None
    return f"{client_id}_tag"


@app.get("/foo")
def foo_handler(

from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
from typing import Union

import jwt
from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status
from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordRequestForm
from jwt.exceptions import InvalidTokenError
from passlib.context import CryptContext
from pydantic import BaseModel

# to get a string like this run:
# openssl rand -hex 32

from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
from typing import Annotated

import jwt
from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status
from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordRequestForm
from jwt.exceptions import InvalidTokenError
from passlib.context import CryptContext
from pydantic import BaseModel

# to get a string like this run:
# openssl rand -hex 32

import http
from typing import FrozenSet, List, Optional

from fastapi import FastAPI, Path, Query

app = FastAPI()


@app.api_route("/api_route")
def non_operation():
    return {"message": "Hello World"}


def non_decorated_route():
    return {"message": "Hello World"}


app.add_api_route("/non_decorated_route", non_decorated_route)


@app.get("/text")
def get_text():
    return "Hello World"

Para declarar esos tipos y sub-tipos puedes usar el módulo estándar de Python `typing`.

Él existe específicamente para dar soporte a este tipo de type hints.

#### Listas

Por ejemplo, vamos a definir una variable para que sea una `list` compuesta de `str`.

De `typing`, importa `List` (con una `L` mayúscula):

```Python hl_lines="1"
{!../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial006.py!}

from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
from typing import Union

import jwt
from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Security, status
from fastapi.security import (
    OAuth2PasswordBearer,
    OAuth2PasswordRequestForm,
    SecurityScopes,
)
from jwt.exceptions import InvalidTokenError
from passlib.context import CryptContext
from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationError

# to get a string like this run:

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status
from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordRequestForm
from pydantic import BaseModel

fake_users_db = {
    "johndoe": {
        "username": "johndoe",
        "full_name": "John Doe",
        "email": "******@****.***",
        "hashed_password": "fakehashedsecret",
        "disabled": False,
    },
    "alice": {