byte[] emptyData = new byte[8];

        PACDecodingException e = assertThrows(PACDecodingException.class, () -> new Pac(emptyData, keys));
        // Any PACDecodingException is acceptable for this test
        assertNotNull(e.getMessage());
    }

    @Test
    void testTooSmallPac() {
        // Test that PAC smaller than 8 bytes is rejected
        byte[] smallData = new byte[4];

        reader.read("ANY") { header ->
          val bytes = reader.readUnknown()
          return AnyValue(
            tagClass = header.tagClass,
            tag = header.tag,
            constructed = header.constructed,
            length = header.length,
            bytes = bytes,
          )
        }
      }

      override fun toDer(
        writer: DerWriter,

    @Test
    @DisplayName("writeBytesWireFormat writes the command byte followed by the null terminated string")
    void testWriteBytesWireFormatHappy() throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
        byte[] buffer = new byte[50];
        int used = cmd.writeBytesWireFormat(buffer, 0);
        // Calculate expected size: 1 byte for command + string bytes + 1 null terminator
        byte[] expectedString = "testfile.txt".getBytes("windows-1252");

`secrets.compare_digest()` 💪 ✊ `bytes` ⚖️ `str` 👈 🕴 🔌 🔠 🦹 (🕐 🇪🇸), 👉 ⛓ ⚫️ 🚫🔜 👷 ⏮️ 🦹 💖 `á`, `Sebastián`.

🍵 👈, 👥 🥇 🗜 `username` & `password` `bytes` 🔢 👫 ⏮️ 🔠-8️⃣.

⤴️ 👥 💪 ⚙️ `secrets.compare_digest()` 🚚 👈 `credentials.username` `"stanleyjobson"`, & 👈 `credentials.password` `"swordfish"`.

    private static final byte[] CONTEXT_NAME_BYTES = CONTEXT_NAME.getBytes();
    private static final int STRUCTURE_SIZE = 16;

    private byte[] fileId; // 16-byte file ID from previous open

    /**
     * Create a new durable handle reconnect context
     * @param fileId the 16-byte file ID from the previous open
     */
    public DurableHandleReconnect(byte[] fileId) {
        if (fileId.length != 16) {

        * В ответах `set` будет преобразован в `list`.
        * В сгенерированной схеме будет указано, что значения `set` уникальны (с помощью JSON-схемы `uniqueItems`).
* `bytes`:
    * Встроенный в Python `bytes`.
    * В запросах и ответах будет рассматриваться как `str`.
    * В сгенерированной схеме будет указано, что это `str` в формате `binary`.
* `Decimal`:
    * Встроенный в Python `Decimal`.

In this example, we didn't declare any Pydantic model. In fact, the request body is not even <abbr title="converted from some plain format, like bytes, into Python objects">parsed</abbr> as JSON, it is read directly as `bytes`, and the function `magic_data_reader()` would be in charge of parsing it in some way.

Nevertheless, we can declare the expected schema for the request body.

{* ../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial006.py hl[20:37,39:40] *}

👉 🖼, 👥 🚫 📣 🙆 Pydantic 🏷. 👐, 📨 💪 🚫 <abbr title="converted from some plain format, like bytes, into Python objects">🎻</abbr> 🎻, ⚫️ ✍ 🔗 `bytes`, &amp; 🔢 `magic_data_reader()` 🔜 🈚 🎻 ⚫️ 🌌.

👐, 👥 💪 📣 📈 🔗 📨 💪.

### 🛃 🗄 🎚 🆎

⚙️ 👉 🎏 🎱, 👆 💪 ⚙️ Pydantic 🏷 🔬 🎻 🔗 👈 ⤴️ 🔌 🛃 🗄 🔗 📄 *➡ 🛠️*.

{* ../../docs_src/response_directly/tutorial002.py hl[1,18] *}

### `HTMLResponse`

Nimmt Text oder Bytes entgegen und gibt eine HTML-Response zurück, wie Sie oben gelesen haben.

### `PlainTextResponse`

Nimmt Text oder Bytes entgegen und gibt eine Plain-Text-Response zurück.

{* ../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial005.py hl[2,7,9] *}

### `JSONResponse`

    }
    
    public HandleGuid(byte[] bytes) {
        if (bytes.length != 16) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("GUID must be 16 bytes");
        }
        ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.wrap(bytes);
        long mostSig = bb.getLong();
        long leastSig = bb.getLong();
        this.guid = new UUID(mostSig, leastSig);
    }
    
    public byte[] toBytes() {
        ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.allocate(16);