from typing import Annotated, Optional

import pytest
from fastapi import Body, FastAPI
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field

from .utils import get_body_model_name

app = FastAPI()

# =====================================================================================
# Without aliases


@app.post("/optional-list-str", operation_id="optional_list_str")
async def read_optional_list_str(

### 嵌套类型

有些容器数据结构可以包含其他的值，比如 `dict`、`list`、`set` 和 `tuple`。它们内部的值也会拥有自己的类型。

你可以使用 Python 的 `typing` 标准库来声明这些类型以及子类型。

它专门用来支持这些类型提示。

#### 列表

例如，让我们来定义一个由 `str` 组成的 `list` 变量。

从 `typing` 模块导入 `List`（注意是大写的 `L`）：

{* ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial006.py hl[1] *}


同样以冒号（`:`）来声明这个变量。

输入 `List` 作为类型。

import json
from typing import Annotated, Any, Optional

from annotated_doc import Doc
from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder
from starlette.responses import HTMLResponse

swagger_ui_default_parameters: Annotated[
    dict[str, Any],
    Doc(
        """
        Default configurations for Swagger UI.

        You can use it as a template to add any other configurations needed.
        """
    ),
] = {

from typing import Annotated, Optional, Union

from annotated_doc import Doc
from fastapi.openapi.models import APIKey, APIKeyIn
from fastapi.security.base import SecurityBase
from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException
from starlette.requests import Request
from starlette.status import HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED


class APIKeyBase(SecurityBase):
    def __init__(
        self,
        location: APIKeyIn,
        name: str,

import logging
import secrets
import subprocess
import time
from collections import Counter
from collections.abc import Container
from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Any, Union

import httpx
import yaml
from github import Github
from pydantic import BaseModel, SecretStr
from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings

github_graphql_url = "https://api.github.com/graphql"

from typing import Union

import pytest
from fastapi import Body, Cookie, FastAPI, Header, Path, Query
from fastapi.exceptions import FastAPIDeprecationWarning
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict


def create_app():
    app = FastAPI()

    class Item(BaseModel):
        data: str

        model_config = ConfigDict(

from typing import Annotated, Optional

import pytest
from fastapi import FastAPI, Query
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field

app = FastAPI()

# =====================================================================================
# Without aliases


@app.get("/optional-str")
async def read_optional_str(p: Optional[str] = None):
    return {"p": p}

Wenn Sie eine zweiminütige Auffrischung benötigen, wie man Python-Typen verwendet (auch wenn Sie FastAPI nicht benutzen), schauen Sie sich das kurze Tutorial an: [Einführung in Python-Typen](python-types.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.

Sie schreiben Standard-Python mit Typen:

```Python
from datetime import date

from pydantic import BaseModel

### 타입 매개변수를 활용한 Generic(제네릭) 타입

`dict`, `list`, `set`, `tuple`과 같은 값을 저장할 수 있는 데이터 구조가 있고, 내부의 값은 각자의 타입을 가질 수도 있습니다.

타입과 내부 타입을 선언하기 위해서는 파이썬 표준 모듈인 `typing`을 이용해야 합니다.

구체적으로는 아래 타입 힌트를 지원합니다.

#### `List`

예를 들면, `str`의 `list`인 변수를 정의해봅시다.

`typing`에서  `List`(대문자 `L`)를 import 합니다.

{* ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial006.py hl[1] *}


콜론(`:`) 문법을 이용하여 변수를 선언합니다.

타입으로는 `List`를 넣어줍니다.

from typing import Annotated

import pytest
from dirty_equals import IsOneOf
from fastapi import Cookie, FastAPI
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field

app = FastAPI()

# =====================================================================================
# Without aliases


@app.get("/required-str")
async def read_required_str(p: Annotated[str, Cookie()]):
    return {"p": p}