{!../../docs_src/middleware/tutorial001.py!}
```

/// tip | "Dica"

Tenha em mente que cabeçalhos proprietários personalizados podem ser adicionados <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers" class="external-link" target="_blank">usando o prefixo 'X-'</a>.

Pero puedes devolver una `JSONResponse` directamente de tu *operación de path*.

Esto puede ser útil, por ejemplo, para devolver cookies o headers personalizados.

## Devolver una `Response`

De hecho, puedes devolver cualquier `Response` o cualquier subclase de la misma.

/// tip | Consejo

`JSONResponse` en sí misma es una subclase de `Response`.

    }
  }

  override fun loadForRequest(url: HttpUrl): List<Cookie> {
    val cookieHeaders =
      try {
        // The RI passes all headers. We don't have 'em, so we don't pass 'em!
        cookieHandler.get(url.toUri(), emptyMap<String, List<String>>())
      } catch (e: IOException) {

COPY ./app /code/app

CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"]

# Если используете прокси-сервер, такой как Nginx или Traefik, добавьте --proxy-headers
# CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80", "--proxy-headers"]
```

</details>

## Что такое "контейнер"

    assert response.json() == {"item": "The Foo Wrestlers"}


def test_get_item_not_found():
    response = client.get("/items/bar")
    assert response.status_code == 404, response.text
    assert response.headers.get("x-error") is None
    assert response.json() == {"detail": "Item not found"}


def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text

///

### `Response`

其他全部的响应都继承自主类 `Response`。

你可以直接返回它。

`Response` 类接受如下参数：

* `content` - 一个 `str` 或者 `bytes`。
* `status_code` - 一个 `int` 类型的 HTTP 状态码。
* `headers` - 一个由字符串组成的 `dict`。
* `media_type` - 一个给出媒体类型的 `str`，比如 `"text/html"`。

FastAPI（实际上是 Starlette）将自动包含 Content-Length 的头。它还将包含一个基于 media_type 的 Content-Type 头，并为文本类型附加一个字符集。


```Python hl_lines="1  18"

 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package okhttp3.internal.ws

import assertk.assertThat
import assertk.assertions.isEqualTo
import okhttp3.Headers.Companion.headersOf
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test

class WebSocketExtensionsTest {
  @Test
  fun emptyHeader() {
    assertThat(parse("")).isEqualTo(WebSocketExtensions())
  }

  @Test

  if (offset or count < 0L || offset > arrayLength || arrayLength - offset < count) {
    throw ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException("length=$arrayLength, offset=$offset, count=$offset")
  }
}

val commonEmptyHeaders: Headers = Headers.headersOf()
val commonEmptyRequestBody: RequestBody = EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY.toRequestBody()
val commonEmptyResponse: ResponseBody = EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY.toResponseBody()

internal fun <T> interleave(
  a: Iterable<T>,

Mas lembre-se que quando você importa `Query`, `Path`, `Header`, e outras de `fastapi`, elas são na verdade funções que retornam classes especiais.

///

/// info

Para declarar headers, você precisa usar `Header`, caso contrário, os parâmetros seriam interpretados como parâmetros de consulta.

///

## Conversão automática

const div = document.querySelector('.github-topic-projects')

async function getDataBatch(page) {
    const response = await fetch(`https://api.github.com/search/repositories?q=topic:fastapi&per_page=100&page=${page}`, { headers: { Accept: 'application/vnd.github.mercy-preview+json' } })
    const data = await response.json()
    return data
}

async function getData() {
    let page = 1
    let data = []
    let dataBatch = await getDataBatch(page)