* with those values.
   *
   * <p>A call to {@link Entry#setValue} on the returned entry will always throw {@link
   * UnsupportedOperationException}.
   */
  static <K, V> Entry<K, V> entryOf(K key, V value) {
    return new ImmutableMapEntry<>(key, value);
  }

  /**
   * Returns a new builder. The generated builder is equivalent to the builder created by the {@link
   * Builder} constructor.
   */

import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * An iterator that does not support {@link #remove}.
 *
 * <p>{@code UnmodifiableIterator} is used primarily in conjunction with implementations of {@link
 * ImmutableCollection}, such as {@link ImmutableList}. You can, however, convert an existing
 * iterator to an {@code UnmodifiableIterator} using {@link Iterators#unmodifiableIterator}.
 *
 * @author Jared Levy
 * @since 2.0
 */

# 테스팅

<a href="https://www.starlette.io/testclient/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Starlette</a> 덕분에 **FastAPI** 를 테스트하는 일은 쉽고 즐거운 일이 되었습니다.

Starlette는 <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org\" class="external-link" target="_blank">HTTPX</a>를 기반으로 하며, 이는 Requests를 기반으로 설계되었기 때문에 매우 친숙하고 직관적입니다.

이를 사용하면 FastAPI에서 <a href="https://docs.pytest.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">pytest</a>를 직접 사용할 수 있습니다.

## `TestClient` 사용하기

/// info | 정보

import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource;
import org.mockito.junit.jupiter.MockitoExtension;

/**
 * Unit tests for {@link SmbException}.
 *
 * The tests exercise the public API: constructors, {@link #getNtStatus()},
 * {@link #getRootCause()}, and {@link #toString()}.
 */
@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
class SmbExceptionTest {

    /**

  /**
   * This classloader disallows {@link java.lang.invoke.VarHandle}, which will prevent us from
   * selecting the {@code VarHandleAtomicHelper} strategy.
   */
  private static final ClassLoader NO_VAR_HANDLE =
      getClassLoader(ImmutableSet.of("java.lang.invoke.VarHandle"));

  /**
   * This classloader disallows {@link java.lang.invoke.VarHandle} and {@link sun.misc.Unsafe},

 *   <li>{@link Collections2}
 *   <li>{@link Comparators}
 *   <li>{@link Iterables}
 *   <li>{@link Iterators}
 *   <li>{@link Lists}
 *   <li>{@link Maps}
 *   <li>{@link MoreCollectors}
 *   <li>{@link Multimaps}
 *   <li>{@link Multisets}
 *   <li>{@link ObjectArrays}
 *   <li>{@link Queues}
 *   <li>{@link Sets}
 *   <li>{@link Streams}
 *   <li>{@link Tables}
 * </ul>
 *
 * <h2>Abstract implementations</h2>
 *

 *   <li>{@link Collections2}
 *   <li>{@link Comparators}
 *   <li>{@link Iterables}
 *   <li>{@link Iterators}
 *   <li>{@link Lists}
 *   <li>{@link Maps}
 *   <li>{@link MoreCollectors}
 *   <li>{@link Multimaps}
 *   <li>{@link Multisets}
 *   <li>{@link ObjectArrays}
 *   <li>{@link Queues}
 *   <li>{@link Sets}
 *   <li>{@link Streams}
 *   <li>{@link Tables}
 * </ul>
 *
 * <h2>Abstract implementations</h2>
 *

# WSGI inkludieren – Flask, Django und andere

Sie können WSGI-Anwendungen mounten, wie Sie es in [Unteranwendungen – Mounts](sub-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, [Hinter einem Proxy](behind-a-proxy.md){.internal-link target=_blank} gesehen haben.

Dazu können Sie die `WSGIMiddleware` verwenden und damit Ihre WSGI-Anwendung wrappen, zum Beispiel Flask, Django usw.

## `WSGIMiddleware` verwenden

Sie müssen `WSGIMiddleware` importieren.

# Adicionando WSGI - Flask, Django, entre outros

Como você viu em [Sub Applications - Mounts](sub-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank} e [Behind a Proxy](behind-a-proxy.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, você pode **"montar"** aplicações WSGI.

Para isso, você pode utilizar o `WSGIMiddleware` para encapsular a sua aplicação WSGI, como por exemplo Flask, Django, etc.

## Usando o `WSGIMiddleware`

Você precisa importar o `WSGIMiddleware`.

  /**
   * This classloader disallows {@link java.lang.invoke.VarHandle}, which will prevent us from
   * selecting the {@code VarHandleAtomicHelper} strategy.
   */
  private static final ClassLoader NO_VAR_HANDLE =
      getClassLoader(ImmutableSet.of("java.lang.invoke.VarHandle"));

  /**
   * This classloader disallows {@link java.lang.invoke.VarHandle} and {@link sun.misc.Unsafe},