is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None


@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item):
    return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id}
```

		return nil
	}); result.Error != nil || result.RowsAffected != 5 {
		t.Errorf("Failed to batch find, got error %v, rows affected: %v", result.Error, result.RowsAffected)
	}

	var sub2 []User
	// only offset
	if result := DB.Offset(3).Where("name = ?", users[0].Name).FindInBatches(&sub2, 2, func(tx *gorm.DB, batch int) error {
		return nil

        // Cannot test getConfig() as it's protected
    }

    @Nested
    @DisplayName("writeBytesWireFormat tests")
    class WriteBytesWireFormatTests {

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should return 0 for write bytes")
        void testWriteBytesWireFormat() {
            // Given
            byte[] dst = new byte[100];
            int dstIndex = 0;

            // When

            @Override
            public String getInputsValue() {
                // Simulate null inputs scenario
                if (getInputs() == null) {
                    return super.getInputsValue();
                }
                return super.getInputsValue();
            }
        };

        // Since we can't easily set inputs to null, test with empty array
        String[] emptyInputs = {};

String run(String url) throws IOException {
  Request request = new Request.Builder()
      .url(url)
      .build();

  try (Response response = client.newCall(request).execute()) {
    return response.body().string();
  }
}
```


Post to a Server
----------------

This program posts data to a service. [Full source][post_example].

```java

        int len = clean.length();
        byte[] out = new byte[len / 2];
        for (int i = 0; i < len; i += 2) {
            out[i / 2] = (byte) Integer.parseInt(clean.substring(i, i + 2), 16);
        }
        return out;
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("getNTHash: known vector for 'password'")
    void testGetNTHash_knownVector() {
        // Arrange
        String password = "password";

In this case, you could want to document how that external API *should* look like. What *path operation* it should have, what body it should expect, what response it should return, etc.

## An app with callbacks { #an-app-with-callbacks }

Let's see all this with an example.

Imagine you develop an app that allows creating invoices.

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"net/http"
	"net/url"
	"os"
	"testing"
	"time"
)

func niceError(code APIErrorCode) string {
	// Special-handle ErrNone
	if code == ErrNone {
		return "ErrNone"
	}

	return fmt.Sprintf("%s (%s)", errorCodes[code].Code, errorCodes[code].Description)
}

func TestDoesPolicySignatureMatch(t *testing.T) {
	_, fsDir, err := prepareFS(t.Context())
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)

  parsed_args = parser.parse_args()
  if not parsed_args.print and not parsed_args.xml_out_path:
    raise TypeError('`--print` or `--xml-out-path` must be specified')

  return parsed_args


def parse_log(file_path: str,
              verbose: bool = False) -> ResultDictType:
  """Finds ResultStore links, and tries to determine their status."""

) {
  // Avoid Long.hashCode(long) which isn't available on Android 5.
  override fun hashCode(): Int {
    var result = 0
    result = 31 * result + byteString.hashCode()
    result = 31 * result + unusedBitsCount
    return result
  }