by API systems is data "<abbr title="also called marshalling, conversion">serialization</abbr>" which is taking data from the code (Python) and converting it into something that can be sent through the network. For example, converting an object containing data from a database into a JSON object. Converting `datetime` objects into strings, etc.

Another big feature needed by APIs is data validation, making sure that the data is valid, given certain parameters. For example, that some field...

	if len(results2) != 0 {
		t.Errorf("Search all records with inline map containing null value finding 0 records")
	}

	DB.Find(&results2, map[string]interface{}{"name": users[0].Name, "company_id": nil})
	if len(results2) != 1 {
		t.Errorf("Search all records with inline map containing null value finding 1 record")
	}

    return (comparator == null)
        ? new TreeMultiset<E>((Comparator) Ordering.natural())
        : new TreeMultiset<E>(comparator);
  }

  /**
   * Creates an empty multiset containing the given initial elements, sorted according to the
   * elements' natural order.
   *
   * <p>This implementation is highly efficient when {@code elements} is itself a {@link Multiset}.
   *

    @Override
    public boolean implies(ProtectionDomain pd, Permission p) {
      return perms.implies(p);
    }

    @Override
    public void refresh() {}
  }

  /** Returns a policy containing all the permissions we ever need. */
  public static Policy permissivePolicy() {
    return new AdjustablePolicy
    // Permissions j.u.c. needs directly
    (
        new RuntimePermission("modifyThread"),

import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

/**
 * Static methods pertaining to ASCII characters (those in the range of values {@code 0x00} through
 * {@code 0x7F}), and to strings containing such characters.
 *
 * <p>ASCII utilities also exist in other classes of this package:
 *
 * <ul>
 *   <!-- TODO(kevinb): how can we make this not produce a warning when building gwt javadoc? -->

is treated as containing no pointers to runtime-allocated data.
A data symbol with the <code>RODATA</code> flag
is allocated in read-only memory and is therefore treated
as implicitly marked <code>NOPTR</code>.
A data symbol with a total size smaller than a pointer
is also treated as implicitly marked <code>NOPTR</code>.
It is not possible to define a symbol containing pointers in an assembly source file;

// and is always present. Following this are the entries, consisting of two
// fields (offset, length). This function must stop reading at the end
// boundary of the block containing the last newline.
//
// Note that the GNU manual says that numeric values should be encoded in octal
// format. However, the GNU tar utility itself outputs these values in decimal.

    return new Builder<Comparable<E>>(Ordering.natural()).create();
  }

  /**
   * Creates a new min-max priority queue using natural order, no maximum size, and initially
   * containing the given elements.
   */
  public static <E extends Comparable<E>> MinMaxPriorityQueue<E> create(
      Iterable<? extends E> initialContents) {
    return new Builder<E>(Ordering.<E>natural()).create(initialContents);

  // reason is the reason for the condition's last transition.
  // +optional
  optional string reason = 4;

  // message is a human-readable explanation containing details about
  // the transition
  // +optional
  optional string message = 5;
}

// list of horizontal pod autoscaler objects.
message HorizontalPodAutoscalerList {
  // Standard list metadata.

  - [Usage]: <link>
  - [Other doc]: <link>
  --> ([#119495](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/119495), [@bzsuni](https://github.com/bzsuni)) [SIG API Machinery]