*       the same.
   *   <li>The special characters ".", "-", "*", and "_" remain the same.
   *   <li>The space character " " is converted into a plus sign "+".
   *   <li>All other characters are converted into one or more bytes using UTF-8 encoding and each
   *       byte is then represented by the 3-character string "%XY", where "XY" is the two-digit,
   *       uppercase, hexadecimal representation of the byte value.
   * </ul>
   *

        // Any PACDecodingException is acceptable for this test
        assertNotNull(e.getMessage());
    }

    @Test
    void testTooSmallPac() {
        // Test that PAC smaller than 8 bytes is rejected
        byte[] smallData = new byte[4];

        PACDecodingException e = assertThrows(PACDecodingException.class, () -> new Pac(smallData, keys));
        // Any PACDecodingException is acceptable for this test

		t.Log("1: server payload: ", len(payload), "bytes.")
		return append([]byte{}, payload...), nil
	}))
	// 2: Return as error
	errFatal(local.RegisterSingleHandler(handlerTest2, func(payload []byte) ([]byte, *RemoteErr) {
		t.Log("2: server payload: ", len(payload), "bytes.")
		err := RemoteErr(payload)
		return nil, &err
	}))

from typing import Any

import orjson
from fastapi import FastAPI, Response

app = FastAPI()


class CustomORJSONResponse(Response):
    media_type = "application/json"

    def render(self, content: Any) -> bytes:
        assert orjson is not None, "orjson must be installed"
        return orjson.dumps(content, option=orjson.OPT_INDENT_2)


@app.get("/", response_class=CustomORJSONResponse)
async def main():

{* ../../docs_src/response_directly/tutorial002_py39.py hl[1,18] *}

### `HTMLResponse` { #htmlresponse }

Takes some text or bytes and returns an HTML response, as you read above.

### `PlainTextResponse` { #plaintextresponse }

Takes some text or bytes and returns a plain text response.

{* ../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial005_py39.py hl[2,7,9] *}

### `JSONResponse` { #jsonresponse }

{* ../../docs_src/response_directly/tutorial002_py39.py hl[1,18] *}

### `HTMLResponse` { #htmlresponse }

Nimmt Text oder Bytes entgegen und gibt eine HTML-Response zurück, wie Sie oben gelesen haben.

### `PlainTextResponse` { #plaintextresponse }

Nimmt Text oder Bytes entgegen und gibt eine Plain-Text-Response zurück.

{* ../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial005_py39.py hl[2,7,9] *}

from fastapi import FastAPI, Request

app = FastAPI()


def magic_data_reader(raw_body: bytes):
    return {
        "size": len(raw_body),
        "content": {
            "name": "Maaaagic",
            "price": 42,
            "description": "Just kiddin', no magic here. ✨",
        },
    }


@app.post(
    "/items/",
    openapi_extra={
        "requestBody": {
            "content": {

  /**
   * Returns the number of bytes required to encode these headers using HTTP/1.1. This is also the
   * approximate size of HTTP/2 headers before they are compressed with HPACK. This value is
   * intended to be used as a metric: smaller headers are more efficient to encode and transmit.
   */
  fun byteCount(): Long {
    // Each header name has 2 bytes of overhead for ': ' and every header value has 2 bytes of

        }

        // Check for null bytes
        if (str.indexOf('\0') != -1) {
            failedValidations.incrementAndGet();
            log.warn("{} contains null bytes", fieldName);
            throw new SmbException(fieldName + " contains null bytes");
        }

        // Check for control characters
        for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {

            assertDoesNotThrow(() -> ctx.dispose());
        }
    }

    // Helper to build a minimal exported name token understood by MIEName(byte[])
    // Format: TOK_ID(2 bytes) | OID_LEN(2 bytes) | OID_DER | NAME_LEN(4 bytes) | NAME(bytes)
    private static byte[] buildExportName(Oid mech, String name) throws GSSException {
        byte[] der = mech.getDER();
        byte[] nb = name.getBytes();